Trim interior

S. S. Parikh and co-workers. MaterialPwcesses and Pwducts in Interior Trim, Seating oA Headliners, Society of Automotive Engineers, Inc., Detroit, Mich., 1991, p. 47. 

Polystyrene. Polystyrene [9003-53-6] is a thermoplastic prepared by the polymerization of styrene, primarily the suspension or bulk processes. Polystyrene is a linear polymer that is atactic, amorphous, inert to acids and alkahes, but attacked by aromatic solvents and chlorinated hydrocarbons such as dry cleaning fluids. It is clear but yellows and crazes on outdoor exposure when attacked by uv light. It is britde and does not accept plasticizers, though mbber can be compounded with it to raise the impact strength, ie, high impact polystyrene (HIPS). Its principal use in building products is as a foamed plastic (see Eoamed plastics). The foams are used for interior trim, door and window frames, cabinetry, and, in the low density expanded form, for insulation (see Styrene plastics). 

Compounds based on S—EB—S usually contain polypropylene, which improves solvent resistance and processibiUty and raises upper service temperatures. Compounds intended for use in the automotive industry are able to survive 1000 hours air exposure at temperatures of 125°C with only minor changes in properties (54). Very soft compounds have been developed to replace foam mbber for interior trim parts. In this and similar appHcations, these soft compounds are usually insert molded over polypropylene or metal and then coated with flexible polyurethane paint (55). Other automotive appHcations include products intended for sound deadening, flexible air ducts, and gear shifter boots, as weU as improving the properties of sheet mol ding compounds. 

In Western Europe the largest user is the vehicle construction industry where ABS has been used for fascia panels, door covers, door handles, radiator grilles, ventilation system components, heater housings, seat belt fastenings, console panels, loudspeaker housings, interior trim and other uses. For some years there was extensive use of electroplated ABS. Whilst this continues to be used for nameplates, reflectors and other parts where a bright reflecting surface is a requirement, it has tended to fall out of favour simply for decoration. 

Another important application of NR is for bonding ceramic tiles, although it needs special compounding with clay filler and cellulose thickener. Water-borne NR adhesives can also be used for bonding canvas and leather shoes and interior trim in some automotive applications. 

Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) based on acrylic, natural rubber and silicone are employed primarily for ease of application. To name Just a few applications, PSAs bond decals to surfaces, interior decorative surfaces to interior panels, interior trim pieces in place directly or hook and loop tape for the same purpose, structural shims in place during manufacturing and acoustic (sound deadening) materials to body skin interior surfaces. Tape products with pressure-sensitive adhesive on one or both surfaces are used for such functions as cargo compartment sealing, as a fluid barrier to prevent spills and leaks in the lavatories and... 

Case study Al Automotive components, interior trim... 

Interior trims, dashboards, instrument panel inserts, pillar trims, consoles, airbag system parts, door and quarter-panel trims, lift-gate trims. .. 

Interior trim applications are decorative coverings with mechanical, safety and aesthetic functions. They include ... 

Lightweight mats of fibres, which can be die-cut and thermally moulded, can be applied behind any interior trim panel, door panels, headliners or package shelves as superior sound absorbers. 

Kenaf Hibiscus cannabinus) is used by Ford, Saab and Volvo for some interior trims. 

A flax nonwoven is used by Opel, Renault and Citroen for interior trims. 

New polymer structures allow the control of processability and final characteristics. For example, Mitsui is launching nanostructured metallocene alpha-olefins that have a crystallite size of the order of nanometres instead of microns as for conventional metallocene polyolefins. This yields a better balance of transparency, heat resistance, flexibility and elasticity characteristics. Targeted applications are automotive interior trim, packaging film, construction materials, protective films for electronic and optical parts, sealing products and as polymer modifiers. 

The article describes the process of producing expanded polypropylene foam parts with a solid integral skin on one side, citing a bicycle helmet moulded from BASF s Neopolen EPP bead, as an illustration. The self-skinning EPP process reqnires some modification of standard beadmoulding equipment, needing an extra steam chamber. Automotive interior trim is a potential application for the process. 

Polypropylene is extensively used in injection molding because of the wide range of physical properties and melt flow rates available. The principal markets served include transportation (primarily automotive), appliances, consumer products, rigid packaging, and medical products. Polypropylene use has increased in the automotive industry because of the wide availability of high melt flow rate impact copolymers for use in large thin parts, such as interior trim. 

Elastomers based on fluorinated polyurethanes exhibit good mechanical properties and resistance to solvents, chemicals, cold, and heat.54 Formulations for fluoroure-thane elastomers are frequently modified with siloxanes to optimize certain properties.55 FEVE-based polyols are used to manufacture elastomeric automobile bumpers and interior trim components.56... 

Interior trim, other than foam plastic... 

The minimum density of the interior trim must be 320kg/m3 (201b/ft3)... 

The interior trim cannot constitute more than 10% of... 

Automotive. The automotive industry has a wide variety of applications for adhesives and sealants. Nonstructural applications dominate, and they include all interior trim and much of the exterior trim such as side molding, wheel covering emblems, front and rear... 

There are other minor nonequivalencies of ISO test procedures compared to ASTM standards, but for color difference the ISO Test Procedure No. 105 is unique. Those who use Colour Measurement Committee (CMC) procedures—particularly CMC 2 1 Lightness to Color ratio—claim that it facilitates a uniform description for acceptability decisions that is better than any other system in existence. These equations permit the use of a single number tolerance, DEcmc, in a nearly uniform color space. The CMC formula is a modification to the perceptibility CIELAB formula. It is fully described elsewhere in this book, but it deserves some brief notice here because, after all, it is an ISO procedure. The CMC developed the basic British Standard No. 6923, Calculation of Small Color Differences. Soon afterward, in 1989, the American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists (AATCC) adopted AATCC Test Method 173, CMC Calculation of Small Color Differences for Acceptability. Ford Motor Company indicated a preference for using CMC 2 1 ratio color difference for plastics weathering data for plastics interior trim materials. 

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