Applications for Automotive Coatings

The movement towards lower to zero VOC involves many types of coatings technologies. Need to reduce VOC has led to change in many raw materials that were traditionally used in coatings. Furthermore, manufacturers often want their coatings modified so that they can be used at faster production rates, baked at lower temperatures, or changed in color. 

An approach to this problem is by the appropriate modification of acrylic primary dispersions to suit automotive coating requirements or solvent-free secondary dispersions of conventional resin types Hke epoxies, polyesters, polyurethanes. Today, the latest water-borne coatings are much more robust in terms of usage or appHca-tion friendhness and require significantly less heating or air-conditioning than two decades ago. They still require some additional dehydration or special kinds of flashes before going into ovens to help remove the water. 

The biggest manufacturing industry in the world today is the auto industry, with over seventy separate companies or subsidiaries, employing 4 million people. In the United States over 15 million cars are produced aimually. It is estimated that motor vehicle production on a global basis will rise from 54.9 million in 1998 to some 59.3 million by 2003 [1]. 

Demand for motor vehicle coatings is forecast to rise by 1.8 % per year to 2.0 million metric tons by 2003, with OEM coatings posting 1.5 % growth per year to 1.2 million metric tons. 

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The industrial production and application of reactive and non-reactive microgels in organic coatings such as binders or components of binders, e.g. together with, e.g. acrylic and/or melamine/formaldehyde resins, especially for automotive coatings, was reported in a number of publications between 1980 and... 

Electrode materials, 9 625 Electrodeposition, 9 760, 761, 769, 771 citric acid application, 6 647-648 coatings, 7 180-182 ionic liquids in, 26 878 of platinum, 19 657-658 Electrodeposition processes, for automotive coatings, 10 448... 

Roman, M. P., and Lynch, R. F. (1989). Current automotive applications for Galfan coated steel. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA, Technical Paper 890709, 12 pp. 

Applications aircraft, automotive, coatings (for automotive piastics, doth, ieather, paper/paperboard, piastics, wood) iacquers (for automotive, paper, piastics, wood), naii care, panei for iiiuminated signs, printing inks, tool handles ... 

Somewhat more difficult is the production of highly chromatic and transparent Pigment Red 179 (8) for automotive coatings applications. The introduction of non-pigmentary additives during the condensation of PTCA (10) with methylamine is one technique that has been reported to be effective ... 

Depth concentration measurement is an important application of surface analytical methods. Examples are depth distribution of additives in plastics, or interface analysis where polymers are in contact with metals or ceramics. All surface methods with a good depth resolution (XPS, AES, SIMS) are suitable for depth or profile measurements. Complete multilayer coating systems require analytical methods that are applicable to small sample sizes and low concentrations. Techniques for obtaining chemical composition and component distribution depth profiles for automotive coating systems, both in-plane (or slab) microtomy and cross-section microtomy, include /xETIR, /xRS, ToE-SIMS, optical microscopy, TEM, as well as solvent extraction followed by HPLC, as illustrated by Adamsons et al. [5]. Surface and interface/interphase analysis can now be done routinely on both simple monolayer coatings and complex multicomponent, multilayered... 

There are many applications for silicone adhesives, sealants, or coatings where the condensation curing systems are not suitable. This is because they are relatively slow to cure, they require moisture to cure that can itself be in some cases uncontrollable, and they evolve by-products that cause shrinkage. Adhesives needed in automotive, electronics, microelectronics, micro electromechanical systems, avionic, and other hi-tech applications are usually confined to vei7 small volumes, which can make access to moisture difficult. Also, their proximity to very sensitive mechanical or electronic components requires a system that does not evolve reactive chemicals. 

Polyester polyols account for only ca. 10% of the total polyol market, which is dominated by polyether polyols such as hydroxy-terminated polyoxyethylene or polyoxypropylene. Polyester polyols are preferred for applications where better mechanical properties, wear resistance, and UV stability are required. The largest application of polyester polyols is flexible specialty polyurethane foam in the furniture, packaging, and automotive industries. Polyester polyols are also used for nonfoam applications such as coatings, paints, sealants, and adhesives 47... 

Some of the nonrubber applications are as a chemical intermediate to make adiponitrile and hexamethylenediamine, precursors to making Nylon 66 whose primary application is carpeting. Other nonrubber applications are styrene-butadiene latexes for paper coatings and carpet backing, and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) resins for plastic pipe and automotive/appliance parts. 

Copolymers of ethylene with up to 15-20% acrylic or methacrylic acid offer improved adhesion, abrasion resistance, toughness, and low-temperature flexibility compared to EVA. Applications include extrusion coatings on aluminum foil for pouches, wire and cable, packaging film, laminations with metal and glass fibers (building and automotive products) and polyurethane (carpet backing). 

Applicable to many resin types Equipment can be retrofit Cost effective Excellent performance for protective maintenance and automotive coatings Pigment flocculation Rheology difficult to control during application May have inferior surface appearance... 

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