ARCTIC project

Sergy GA (Ed) (1987) The Baffin Island Oil Spill (BIOS) Project. Arctic 40(1) 1-279. 

Smith, L., Neuner, M., Gupton, M., Moore, M., Bailey, B.L., Blowes, D.W., Smith, L., Sego, D.C. 2009. Diavik Waste Rock Project From the Laboratory to the Canadian Arctic. In Proceedings of the 2009, Securing the Future and olCARD, June 22-26, 2009, Skelleftea, Sweden. 

Suppose two scientists work on the same research project, but one resides in the far north of the Arctic Circle and the other lives near the equator. Even if everything else is the same - such as the air pressure, the source of the chemicals and the manufacturers of the equipment - the difference between the temperatures in the two laboratories will cause their results to differ widely. For example, the room energy RT will differ. One scientist will not be able to repeat the experiments of the other, which is always bad science. 

Scientists now project that within the next few decades, the capacity of the earth and the oceans to absorb carbon emissions will decline, while vast changes in the Arctic may further accelerate warming. Melting tundra will release millions of tons of methane, a greenhouse gas more powerful than C02. 

This case study was carried out in the Research and Teaching Faboratory of Applied Botany under the auspices of the Department of Biology of the University of Joensuu, Finland (N 62° 36 E 29° 40 ) from 1999 to 2003 as a part of the larger project, Quinolizidine alkaloids in arctic and sub-arctic flora . This large project explores the broader problem of QAs occurring in... 

Results from the EMEP observation stations that annually report the monthly POP concentrations [EMEP/ccc-reports (http //www.nilu.no/projects/ccc/reports)] are shown in Figs. 15b and 16b. These stations are located in central and northern Europe, so temporal information on POP concentrations in southern Europe, such as the Mediterranean, is missing. The present network of monitoring stations shows that in the period between 2002 and 2009, the lowest concentrations were observed at high latitudes in Spitsbergen, in the Arctic sea and that they increased with decreasing latitudes, with highest concentration in central Europe (e.g. Czech Republic). 

The progress achieved in studying Arctic environment variability is due to the accomplishment of a number of international research programs. Of particular importance is the Arctic Climate System Study (ACSYS) project set up in 1991 by the WCRP as a practicable program for the next decade to assess the role of the Arctic in the global climate. Five areas were emphasized ... 

One of the main tasks of the ACSYS Arctic sea ice program is to establish the climatology of ice thickness and ice velocity. Data about this will be supplied by the WCRP Arctic Ice Thickness Project, the International Arctic Buoy Program, sonar profiling from naval submarines and unmanned vehicles, airborne oceanographic lidar, and polar satellites carrying appropriate instruments. 

The primary ACSYS efforts within the Hydrological Cycles project in the Arctic... 

Apart from these ACSYS projects, a number of new research programs have been developed, such as the Study of Environmental Arctic Change (SEARCH), which is an interdisciplinary, multi-scale program dedicated to understanding the complex of interrelated changes that have been observed in the Arctic environment in the past few decades (Morison, 2001 Morison and Calder, 2001). SEARCH is envisioned as a long-term effort of observations, modeling, process studies, and applications with emphasis on five major thematic areas ... 

Of the 19 LAII projects 3 are part of the International Tundra Experiment (ITEX), which looks at the response of plant communities to climate change. Three others are concerned with atmosphere processes, including weather patterns affecting snowmelt, Arctic-wide temperature trends, and water vapor over the Arctic and its relationship with atmospheric circulation and surface conditions. Another project deals with the response of birds to climate and sea level change at river deltas, and yet another studies the balance and recent volume changes of McCall Glacier in the Brooks Range. 

There are a number of ARCSS data projects that provide CDs. They include the LAII Flux Study Alaska North Slope (data sampler CD) OAII Northeast Water (NEW) Polynya project CD Arctic solar and terrestrial radiation CD, etc. 

A list of major OAII components includes the joint U.S./Japan Cruise, the Western Arctic Mooring project, and the Northeast Water Polynya project (mentioned above). Among other OAII projects the most notable are the U.S./Canada Arctic Ocean Section and the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) project. 

In connection with the SHEBA project, the U.S. Department of Energy s Atmosphere Radiation Measurement (ARM) program indicated its intention to develop a Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) facility on the North Slope of Alaska. The principal focus of this program will be on atmospheric radiative transport, especially as modified by clouds (such transport impacts the growth and decay of sea ice), as well as testing, validation, and comparison of radiation transfer models in both the ice pack and Arctic coastal environment. 

Another important project is the Russian-American Initiative on Shelf-Land Environments in the Arctic (RAISE) with the principal goal of facilitating ship-based research in the Russian Arctic (Cooper and Romanovsky, 2001). Earlier relevant land-based research projects under the RAISE umbrella included studies of... 

The Western Arctic Shelf-Basin Interactions (SBI) project, sponsored by the ARCSS Program and the U.S. Office of Naval Research, is investigating the Arctic marine ecosystem to improve our capacity to predict environmental change. The SBI Phase II Field Implementation Plan (2002-2006) (Grebmeier et al., 2001) focuses on three research topics in the core study area ... 

Grebmeier J.M. Whitledge T.E. Aagaard K. Bergmann M. Carmack E.C. Codispoti L.A. Darby D. Dunton K.H. Melnikov I.A. Moore S. Takizawa T. Walsh J.J. Wassman P. and Wheeler P. (eds.) (2001). Arctic System Science Ocean-Atmosphere-Ice Interactions Western Arctic Shelf-Basin Interactions (SBI). Phase II Field Implementation Plan, SBI Project Office, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 30 pp. 

IASC (2001). The International Arctic Science Committee Project Catalogue. IASC, Oslo, 57 pp. 

AIBS AIDS AIRS AMAP AMIP AMSR-E AMSU American Institute of Biological Sciences Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome Atmospheric InfraRed Sounder Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit... 

Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics International Study of Arctic Change International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare Influence of Stochastic Forcing International Organization for Standardization Independent Summary for Policy-Makers International Sea Year... 

Surface HEat Budget of the Arctic Ocean project... 

Barry, R.G., Crane, R.C., Locke, C.W., and Miller, G.H. (1977) The coastal environment of southern Baffin Island and northern Labrador-Ungava. Final Report, Project 136, to Imperial oil Limited, Aquitaine Co. of Canada, Ltd., and Canada-Cities Services Ltd. Inst, of Arctic and Alpine Res., University of Colorado, Boulder. 

Spill Containment Basin. Impervious liners for earthen basins is another use for sulfur composites. A spill containment basin surrounding several bulk storage tanks was lined as a joint project between Chevron, The Sulphur Development Institute of Canada, and The Environmental Protection Service of Canada (Figure 7). For this particular application, the lining requirements were durability, sufficient strength to support foot traffic, and resistance to an arctic climate. 

The alternative hypothesis suggests a direct route, where long-range oceanic transport can account for the presence of PFCAs in the Arctic Ocean and thus in Arctic biota [14,163, 164]. As will be discussed later in more detail, PFOS, PFOA, PFNA and PFHxS have been reported in open ocean waters of the Pacific and Atlantic and in coastal waters of Japan, Korea and China [95,112,165]. Modelling studies indicate that the observed PFOA concentrations in oceans can be accounted for by historical and projected PFOA emissions [14, 163, 164]. 

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