Ecosystem marine

Gearing PJ, Gearing IN. 1982a. Behavior of no. 2 fuel oil in the water column of controlled ecosystems. Marine Environmental Research 6(2) 115-132. 

Wade TL, Quinn JG. 1980. Incorporation, distribution, and fate of saturated petroleum hydrocarbons in sediments from a controlled marine ecosystem. Marine Environmental Research 3(1) 15-34. 

Verity, P. G., and V. Smetacek. 1996. Organism life cycles, predation, and the structure of the marine pelagic ecosystems. Marine Ecology Progress Series 130 277—293. 

Findlay, S., and R. L. Sinsabaugh. 1999. Unraveling the sources and bioavailability of dissolved organic matter in lotic aquatic ecosystems. Marine and Freshwater Research 50 781-790. 

Baldock, J. A., Masiello, C. A., Gelinas, Y., and Hedges, J. I. (2004). Cycling and composition of organic matter in terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Marine Chem. 92,39-64. 

Bard S. (1999) Global transport of anthropogenic contaminants and the consequences for the Arctic marine ecosystems. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 38(5), 356-379. 

Pohlman, J. W., Diffe, T. M., and Cifuentes, L. A. (1997). A stable isotope study of organic cycling and the ecology of an anchiahne cave ecosystem. Marine Ecology-Progress Series 155, 17—27. 

Bard, S. M. Global Transport of Anthropogenic Contaminants and the Consequences for the Arctic Marine Ecosystem. Marine Pollution Bulletin 38 (1999) 359-79. 

GOU 12] Goulitquer S., Potin P., Tonon T., Mass spectrometiy-based metabolomics to elucidate functions in marine organisms and ecosystems , Marine Drugs, vol. 10, p. 849, 2012. 

Boury-Esnault, N. (1983) Les eponges premier essai reussi de la vie organisee leur importance dans les ecosystemes marins, in Chimie marine Pour Le Developpement (ed. J.M. Kornprobst), enda-unesco, Dakar, pp. 124-142. 

Environmental problems associated with PCBs are the result of a number of factors. Several open uses of PCBs have resulted in thein direct introduction into the environment, eg, organic diluents careless PCB disposal practices have resulted in significant releases into aquatic and marine ecosystems higher chlorinated PCBs are very stable in thein persistence in different environmental matrices and by a variety of processes (Fig. 1) PCBs are transported throughout the global ecosystem and preferentiaHy bioconcentrate in higher trophic levels of the food chain. 

Reijnder and A. Goksoyr, in Persistent Pollutants in Marine Ecosystems, ed. C. H. Walker and R. 

Environmental chemists funded by the Department of Energy have studied these sources to learn as much as they can about the chemistry of plutonium dispersed in freshwater and marine ecosystems. Much of the early work determined the concentrations in various water bodies and the distribution between water and sediment. Table I shows results of various freshwater and marine surveys(10). 

Consequences of Ozone Depletion. Ozone depletion over Antarctica is causing renewed concern about the consequences of increased levels of UV reaching the earth s biosphere. One area of concern involves the free-floating microscopic plants, known collectively as phytoplankton (the grass of the sea), which through the process of photosynthesis, fix carbon dioxide into living organic matter. Phytoplankton forms the basis of the marine food chain on which zooplankton (animal plankton) and all other components of the ecosystem depend for their sustenance. 

Figure 5. Paradigm of energy flow within the Antarctic marine ecosystem. (Reproduced with permission from reference 33 by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research of the International Council of Scientific Unions. Copyright 1987.)...

Although in this chapter we have focused on the potential effects of increased UV-B radiation on the Antarctic marine ecosystem, our results also have bearing on efforts to describe the effects of UV radiation on global marine productivity. However, here again, considerable uncertainties still remain in assessing the effects of ozone depletion on global production. Several authors have predicted a... 

Figure 6. Food web in the Antarctic marine ecosystem showing the key position occupied by krill. (Reproduced with permission from reference 45. Copyright 1962 W. H. Freeman and Company.)...

Marine Ecosystems Calkins, J., ed.. Plenum Press, New York, 1987, 429-457... 

Specific examples of marine ecosystem models can be seen in Frost (1987), Fasham et al. (1990), Frost and Franzen (1992), and Loukos et al. (1997). 

In Europe the situation is radically different. Isotopic variations at the bottom end of the food web, brought about by differences in plant metabolism (C3, versus C4 and CAM), and origin of the fixed COj, (causing a systematic discrepancy between terrestrial and marine ecosystems) are generally absent. This leads to relatively small variations in ratios at the beginning of... 

Stepwise enrichment in nitrogen was first observed in marine (coastal) ecosystems (Minagawa and Wada 1984 Miyake and Wada 1967). The latter quote an average A N of -h3.4 l.l%oper trophic level, occurring... 

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