Cities Service

The shrinkage in demand has resulted in a restmcturing of the carbon black-industry. Several of the principal multinational oil companies have left the business including Ashland, Cities Service Co., Phillips, and Conoco. Some plants have changed ownership. In the United States this has increased the production capacities of Degussa, Sid Richardson, and Huber. Today s U.S. industry consists of six principal producers. Rated capacities of the six U.S. manufacturers is shown in Table 13. Cabot Corp. and Columbian Chemicals are the leading producers, followed by Degussa, Sid Richardson, J. M. Huber Corp., and Witco. A survey of the future markets and present stmcture of the carbon black industry has been presented (1). 

The compound was obtained from Cities Service Research and Development Co, Petrochemical Development Department, Sixty Wall Tower, New York 5, New York. Analysis by gas chromatography showed it to be pure, and it was used without further purification. 

Cities Service Company, private communication to API Subcommittee on Corrosion, 1976. 

The major disadvantage of large plants is their vulnerability to large losses. In 1967 an explosion and tire in a Cities Service oil refinery at Lake Charles killed 7 employees and injured 14.6 The damage and business interruption costs exceeded 30,000,000. Usually the losses are not this large. However, in 1966 there were 20 fires in the chemical and petroleum industry, which caused damages in excess of 250,000.7 Even if there is no fire, the failure of a bearing on an ammonia compressor can cause the plant to shut down for a number of days two days for cool down, one day for repairs, two days for startup. The loss in sales from this interruption alone could exceed 50,000 per day, or a total of 250,000. ... 

Hy-C Cracking A hydrocracking process. The catalyst is nickel/tungsten on alumina. Developed by Cities Service Research and Development Company and Hydrocarbon Research. 

LC-Fining [Lummus Cities refining] A hydrocracking process using an ebullated catalyst bed. Developed by Lummus Crest and Cities Service Research and Development Company since the 1960s, initially for upgrading bitumen from tar sands. Three units were operating in 1996. 

Walker A process for partially oxidizing natural gas or LPG, forming a mixture of methanol, formaldehyde, and acetaldehyde. Air is the oxidant and aluminum phosphate the catalyst. Invented by J. C. Walker in the 1920s and operated by the Cities Service Corporation, OK, in the 1950s. 

Blowout, jackup rig suffered catastrophic damage - 5 fatalities, (Cities Service - 1980)... 

Lake Charles, La.a Baytown, Tex.° Cities Service Refining Co. Humble Oil Refining Co. Butylene Butylene 55.000 40.000... 

This research was funded by the National Science Foundation and Cities Service Oil Company, Cranbury, New Jersey. 

Cities Services Company, Columbian Division, Akron, Ohio, USA, Colombian Colloidal Carbons. 

Cities Service Athabasca, Inc., Mildred Lake, Alberta 1959-1963 750... 

C-E Lummus/Cities Service LC-Fining process licensed by AMOCO (van Driesen and Fornoff, 1985 Beaton et al., 1986) utilizes an expanded-bed reactor. A flow diagram of the LC-Fining process is shown in Fig. 17. The Canadian DOE CANMET process (Menzies et al., 1981), the Exxon M-Coke (Bearden and Aldridge, 1981), and the UOP Aurabon (Anderson et al., 1982) processes now in pilot plant stages of development employ slurry reactors. 

The process was first demonstrated at Cities Service s Lake Charles refinery with the construction of a 2500 BPD unit. The unit was later expanded to 6000 BPD with no increase in the size of the catalytic reactors. Maximum sulfur removal from delayed coker feedstock was achieved by this expansion. 

For a so-called "advanced process of flash hydropyrolysis, (14), a paper by Rockwell International and Cities Service Research and Development reported a 1977 minimum high Btu gas price of 2.36/MMBtu from western subbituminous coal using "AGA/ERDA cost guidelines" with utility financing under conditions yielding significant quantities of by-product BTX liquids. For details, reference was made to contractual reports. 

The other two processes, by Rockwell/Cities Service and Bell Aerospace, are based on Rocket Tehcnology. They both utilize high mass flux reactors in which finely powdered coal is rapidly fixed with high velocity, hot gas. The mixture is then quickly quenched to give very short reaction times. The Rockwell Process... 

Barry, R.G., Crane, R.C., Locke, C.W., and Miller, G.H. (1977) The coastal environment of southern Baffin Island and northern Labrador-Ungava. Final Report, Project 136, to Imperial oil Limited, Aquitaine Co. of Canada, Ltd., and Canada-Cities Services Ltd. Inst, of Arctic and Alpine Res., University of Colorado, Boulder. 

Acknowledgment. For the financial support of our current research on cycloreactions of hydrocarbons we thank Cities Service Oil Company, the duPont Company, the Petroleum Research Fund, and the Research Corporation. 

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