Environmental predictions

The near surface and upper air circulation over the Americas, as deduced by the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) reanalysis (Kalnay et al. 1996), are shown in Fig. 2.1a-d for the austral summer (December-Febmary) and winter 0une-August)]. The near surface circulation patterns in austral summer... 

Figure 6.19. Observations of the zonally averaged temperatures in the Arctic for 82° N near 18 km, from the National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) meteorological database for two illustrative recent years, together with Antarctic observations at 82°S in 1997 (shifted by six months for comparison).

National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Figure 6.19 National Research Council of Canada Figure 5.41... 

Lowe, P. R., and Ficke, J. M. (1974) Technical Paper 4-74, Environmental Prediction Research Facility, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA. 

TABLE III Number of Meteorological Data Processed at National Centers for Environmental Prediction at 00 UTC, 1 October 1999... 

The National Centers for Environmental Prediction, part of the National Weather Service, oversees operations by several key specialized service oigani-zations run by professional meteorologists. The most important of these are the Hydrometeorological Prediction Center in Washington, D.C., the Tropical Prediction Center (includes the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Florida), and the Storm Prediction Center in Norman, Oklahoma, which maintains a constant tornado alert system for vulnerable gec raphical regions. Other operations include the Ocean Prediction Center, the Aviation Weather Center, the Climate Prediction Center, Environmental Modeling Center, and the Space Weather Prediction Center. 

Many countries have adopted chemical substance iaventories ia order to monitor use and evaluate exposure potential and consequences. In the case of essential oils used in many fragrance appHcations, these oils must be on many of these Hsts. New essential oils used in fragrances are subject to premanufactuting or premarketing notification (PMN). PMN requirements vary by country and predicted volume of production. They require assessment of environmental and human health-related properties, and reporting results to designated governmental authorities. 

Nuclear Reactors. Nuclear power faciUties account for about 20% of the power generated in the United States. Although no new plants are plaimed in the United States, many other countries, particularly those that would otherwise rely heavily on imported fuel, continue to increase their nuclear plant generation capacity. Many industry observers predict that nuclear power may become more attractive in future years as the price of fossil fuels continues to rise and environmental regulations become more stringent. In addition, advanced passive-safety reactor designs may help allay concerns over potential safety issues. 

In contrast, various sensors are expected to respond in a predictable and controlled manner to such diverse parameters as temperature, pressure, velocity or acceleration of an object, intensity or wavelength of light or sound, rate of flow, density, viscosity, elasticity, and, perhaps most problematic, the concentration of any of millions of different chemical species. Furthermore, a sensor that responds selectively to only a single one of these parameters is often the goal, but the first attempt typically produces a device that responds to several of the other parameters as well. Interferences are the bane of sensors, which are often expected to function under, and be immune to, extremely difficult environmental conditions. 

The film properties required for some appHcation can only be deterrnined by the performance of the appHed coating in practice. Because requirements and exposure conditions vary widely, devising laboratory tests to predict film performance is difficult and frequendy not possible. Data banks of actual field performance as functions of coating compositions, appHcation variables, and environmental factors can be very usehil. 

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