Animal oil

The term fat is applied to solid esters of fatty acids with glycerol (glycerides) if the fat is liquid at the ordinary temperature, it is conventionally called a fatty oil, vegetable oil or animal oil. The acids which occur most abundantly are palmitic ticid CH3(CHj),4COOH, stearic acid CH3(CH2)isCOOH and oleic acid CH3(CH2),CH=CH(CH2),C00H. Upon hydrolysis, fats yield glycerol and the alkali salts of these acids (soaps) ... 

Animal glues Animal oil Animal products Animal testing Animal waxes Animation effects... 

In certain brilliantine compositions, vegetable and animal oils are used as substitutes for mineral oil. In these systems, because of their potential for rancidity, antioxidants must be included. Other alternatives to mineral oils that have found utiHty in brilliantines are the polyethylene glycols which come in a variety of solubiHties and spreading properties. Use of these materials offers the advantage of chemical stabiHty to rancidity. Other additives found in brilliantines to improve their aesthetics include colorants, fragrance, medicated additives, lanolin, and fatty acid esters. 

PMMA is not affected by most inorganic solutions, mineral oils, animal oils, low concentrations of alcohols paraffins, olefins, amines, alkyl monohahdes and ahphatic hydrocarbons and higher esters, ie, >10 carbon atoms. However, PMMA is attacked by lower esters, eg, ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate aromatic hydrocarbons, eg, benzene, toluene, xylene phenols, eg, cresol, carboHc acid aryl hahdes, eg, chlorobenzene, bromobenzene ahphatic acids, eg, butyric acid, acetic acid alkyl polyhaHdes, eg, ethylene dichloride, methylene chloride high concentrations of alcohols, eg, methanol, ethanol 2-propanol and high concentrations of alkahes and oxidizing agents. 

Adsorbents. Acid activated clays have been widely used to treat mineral, vegetable, and animal oils. The primary objective of such treatment is decolorization and, at least in the case of edible oil, to remove components that contribute to off-tastes. Typically the oil is filtered through a granular clay product or treated with finely ground clay and subsequendy filtered. 

Natural products Vegetable oils waxes, mineral oils plus their sulfated derivatives (including those of animal oils and fats) Sugar extraction glue manufacture cutting oils... 

Fibrous materials are subject to self-heating when impregnated with the following vegetable/animal oils... 

Although vegetable oils usually contain a higher proportion of nnsatnrated fatty acids than do animal oils and fats, several plant oils are actually high in saturated fats. Palm oil is low in polyunsaturated fatty acids and particularly high in (saturated) palmitic acid (whence the name palmitic). Coconut oil is particularly high in lanric and myristic acids (both saturated) and contains very few nnsatnrated fatty acids. 

Stink-farbe, /. old weak tan liquor, -fluss, -flussspat, m. fetid fluor spar (bituminous fluorite), -harz, n. asafetida. -kalk, m. anthraconite (bituminous limestone), ohle, /. fetid coal, -mergel, m. fetid marl (bituminous marl), -ol, n. fetid oil, specif, animal oil. -quarz, m. fetid quartz (bituminous quartz), -raum, m. gas chamber, -raum-probe, /. gas-chamber test, -schiefer, m. fetid shale, -spat, m. = Stinkfluss. -stein. 

Pandastites (see also under Anilite or Anilithe in Vol 1, A443-R), Liq expls of the Sprengel type, patented in France by Turpin in 1881, contg liq N2O4 as oxidizer and CS2 as fuel. Later, petroleum, benz, toluene, xylene, aniline, mixts of CS2 and NB, naphthols, pitch, and vegetable and animal oils were also proposed as fuels. Some of these substances were nitrated... 

The oleaginous phases of creams differ composi-tionally from hydrocarbon ointments. Many, but not all, creams are patterned after vanishing cream and contain considerable stearic acid. In lieu of some or all of the stearic acid, creams sometime contain long-chain waxy alcohols (cetyl, Ci6 stearyl, Ci8), long-chain esters (myristates, Ci4 palmitates, Ci6 stearates, Cig), other long-chain acids (palmatic acid), vegetable and animal oils, and assorted other waxes of both animal and mineral origin. 

The oils from which factices are manufactured are unsaturated vegetable and animal oils, which react with sulphur. Fatty oils with iodine number greater than 80 (iodine number is defined as the number of grammes of iodine absorbed by 100 g of fat/oil) are generally used, i.e., oils with three or more double bonds per triglyceride molecule. Rapeseed oil is the most common oil used for general purpose grades and castor oil is used for oil resistant factice. Other oils are used in preference by other countries due to local availability and cost. 

The role of biocomponents in traffic fuel is increasing. The European Union Directive [1] on the promotion of the use of biofuels for transport purposes states that by the end 2005 traffic fuels should have contained 2% of components produced from renewables. The figure rises to 5.75% by the end of 2010 and up to 20% by the end of 2020. This directive defines biofuel as a liquid or gaseous fuel for transport produced from biomass, biodiesel as a methyl ester produced from vegetable or animal oil, of diesel quality, to be used as biofuel and synthetic biofuel as synthetic hydrocarbons or mixtures of synthetic hydrocarbons, which have been produced from biomass. The European Commission also encourages member states to lower tax rates on pure and/or blended biofuels, to the offset cost premium over petroleum-based fuels [1, 2]. 

Some of the methods that have been used for determination of the total petroleum hydrocarbons also extract vegetable and animal oils that are also present in the sample. 

The alternative fuels FT and DME fuels can be mannfactnred from natiual gas and are therefore not limited by feedstock availabiUty. Biodiesel on the other hand, is prodnced from vegetable (and some waste animal) oils whose supply for non-nutritional uses is presently quite limited. 

Among the liquids handled by rotary pumps are mineral oils, vegetable oils, animal oils, greases, glucose, viscose, molasses, paints, var-... 

R. Stern, G. Hillion, J. -J. Rouxel and S. Leporq, in Process for the production of esters from vegetable oils or animal oils and alcohol , US, 1999. 

OIL Grape-seed—Cotton-seed—Croton—Animal Oils. ... 

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