Fluor spar

Fluss, m. flujc fluor spar enamel (Gems) paste fusion flow, flowing (Soap) figghig river, stream discharge catarrh. 

Flussspat, m. fluor spar, fluorite, -erde, /. earthy fluorite, -pulver, n. fluor spar powder, -saure,/. hydrofluoric acid. 

Stink-farbe, /. old weak tan liquor, -fluss, -flussspat, m. fetid fluor spar (bituminous fluorite), -harz, n. asafetida. -kalk, m. anthraconite (bituminous limestone), ohle, /. fetid coal, -mergel, m. fetid marl (bituminous marl), -ol, n. fetid oil, specif, animal oil. -quarz, m. fetid quartz (bituminous quartz), -raum, m. gas chamber, -raum-probe, /. gas-chamber test, -schiefer, m. fetid shale, -spat, m. = Stinkfluss. -stein. 

The preparation of ferrovanadium by this route is carried out batchwise in refractory-lined open reactors, with vanadium pentoxide, aluminum powder, iron scrap and lime or fluorspar constituting the charge. The reactions once initiated, proceed briskly to completion. The reaction heat is sufficient to melt the ferrovanadium and the alumina-lime/fluor-spar slag, which readily separate due to density difference. The aluminothermic ferroalloy product contains practically no carbon. 

Capillary silver, combined with lead-coloured silver in white fluor spars. 13- Capillary silver found in the valley of Joachimica, in a forest of fir-trees. 14- White ore of Anneberg, containing rude, ruby-coloured capillary silver, of transparent appearance. Also rude lead coloured silver clearly distinguished in the same stone. Golden ore and vitreous ore combined, yet clearly distinguished. 

How much calcium may be obtained from 100 gm. of (a) marble, ( ) gypsum, CaS04.2H20, ( ) fluor spar, CaF2, superphosphate of lime, CaH (POj2 ... 

Cryolite, which is so called on account of its high fusibility, is a double fluoride of aluminium and sodium of the formula Al2Fe.6NaF. It is obtained from Western Greenland, where it occurs in beds up to one metre thick, but the high price of this material has led to the manufacture of synthetic cryolite, using calcium fluoride (fluor-spar), which is found in considerable quantities. 

Although many attempts have been made to isolate this element it has probably never been obtained in the free state, unless the colorless gas obtained by G. J. and Th. Knox, by the decomposition of mercury fiuo-ride and of bydrofiuoric acid in vessels of fluor-spar was the element Fluorine forms compounds with all the other elements except oxygen. 

Hydrofluoric acid is obtained by the action of an excess of sulphuric acid upon fluor-spar, with the aid of gentle heat OaFl, + H.SO = CaSO, -t- 2HF. If a solution be desired, the operation is conducted in a platinum or lead retort, whose beak is connected with a U-shaped receiver of the same metal, which is cooled and contains a small quantity of water. 

It decomposes H,0, with formation of HF and ozone. In it Si, Bo, As, Sb, S, and I fire spontaneously. With H it detonates violently, even in the dark. It attacks organic substances violently. The apparatus in which it is liberated must be made of platinum and fluor-spar. It forms compounds with all other elements except oxygen. 

Fluorine has not yet been isolated, owing, no doubt, to its very powerful affinities, which cause it, even if separated from one substance, instantly to unite with another, derived from the substance of the vessel used for the experiment. Its properties, in the separate state, are therefore unknown. Knox and Bau-drimont nave, of late, made repeated efforts to isolate fluorine, using vessels of fluor spar, c., but as yet without satisfactory results although it is conjectured, from some of these experiments, to be a yellow gas, not, unlike chlorine. It is probable, however, that the presence of chlorine has been the cause of this apparent resemblance. 

Syn. Fluoric acid.—This acid is obtained by the action of oil of vitriol on fluoride of calcium (fluor spar). The powdered mineral is gently heated with the acid in a retort of lead, silver, or platinum, as glass and porcelain are destroyed by the process, and the acid condensed in a receiver of the same metal, surrounded by a freezing mixture. The action is thus expressed—... 

Boron has a remarkable affinity for fluorine, and when fluor spar (fluoride of calcium) is heated to redness with boracic acid, a gaseous compound is produced, analogous in composition and properties to the terchloride of boron. 3 CaF+4 BO,- = 3 (Ca 0, BO,) + BF-j. The sp. g. of the gas is 2 36. It instantly seizes on water, decomposing it, and thus, like the chloride, forms very thick vapours wifli the moisture of the air. It is, in fact, a very delicate test of the presence of moisture in any gas. 

Silicic acid is rapidly dissolved by hydrofluoric acid, and a gas is produced, which is found to be a terfluoride of silicon Si 0, + 3HP = 3H0 + SiF3. This gas is best obtained by heating a mixture of powdered fluor spar and quartz with oU of vitriol 3CaF + Si03 + 3(HO, SO,) = 3(03 0,80,) + SHO-t-SiF,. The gas must be collected over mercury. It is colourless, fuming strongly in the air, its sp. g. 3 66. It is absorbed by water, and hydrated silicic acid is deposited, while an acid is found in the water composed of 3 HF -1- 2 Si F,. With bases this acid forms salts, called silicofluorides, the formula of which is 3 MF -1- 2 Si F,. These salts are nearly all insoluble, and when heated give off terfluoride of silicon. 

This alkali can only be obtained from either of the above minerals, which are silicates. One part of the mineral in fine powder is mixed with two of fluor-spar, and the mixture heated with sulphuric acid, until the whole of the silica is dissipated. There then remains a mixture of sulphates of alumina, lime, and lithia, and, in the case of lepidolite or spodumene, potash. By boiling with carbonate of ammonia in excess, the alumina and lime are precipitated, and the filtered liquid is evaporated to dryness, and ignited to expel the sulphate of ammonia. The residue is sulphate of lithra, or sulphates of lithia and potash. In the latter case, by the cautious addition of chloride of barium, the sulphuric acid is separated as sulphate of baryta, and the lithia and potash converted into chlorides. These being dried, are digested in absolute alcohol, which dissolves the chloride of lithium. The lithia is now free from other bases to obtain it in the separate state, the chloride is converted into sulphate, by being boiled with oil of vitriol, and the solution of the sulphate decomposed by the exact equivalent of barytic water, by which the sulphuric acid is precipitated, while the free lithia is dissolved, and the solution, if evaporated, leaves hydrate of lithia, LO, HO. 

The presence of it is detected by treating the mineral or bone, after ignition, with oil of vitriol in a platinum crucible, covered with a waxed plate of glass, having the glass exposed by traces made with a point through the wax. In a short time the traces are so far etched as to be indelible, and very small traces of fluor spar may be thus detected. 

When mineral ehameleon (or better, permanganate of potash) is acted on by snlphnric acid and fluoride of calcium (fluor spar) with the aid of heat, a greenish-yellow gas or vapour is disengaged, which, with moist air, instantly becomes red. It acts powerfully on glass. Its composition seems to correspond to that of the preceding compound, and its production is to be explained in the same way, substituting fluoride of calcium for chloride of sodium. (Wohler.)... 

Browm h-yellow cryst. from toluene. M.p. 244-5°. Sol. EtOH, Et 0, dil. AcOH, with green fluor. Spar. sol. CgHj. 

Di-Me ester plates from MeOH. M.p. 176° Sol. EtjO with violet-red fluor. Spar. sol. HjO. 

Di-Et ester, plates from EtOH M.p. 118 Sol EtgO with violet-red fluor Spar. sol. H. 0,... 

Yellow needles from o-diohlorobenzene. M.p . 32(l -l°. Sol. PhNOg with scarlet fluor. Spar, soil Old. oig. solvents. 

Yellow needles from AcOB. Does not melt below 360°. Sol. AoOH with light yellow col. and bltUsb-violet fluor. Spar. sol. boiling EtOH. Frac. insoL EtgO, CcHg. Sol. oonc. H S04 with blueBuor. 

Yellowish leaflets. Decomp, about 282°. Sol. EtOH, EtgO, AcOH. Sols, show violet fluor Spar. sol. ligroiu. Greenish yellow sols, in alkalis. 

Needles from EtOH. M.p. 102°. After heating—prisms, m.p, 137 5-138 . Mod. sol.CgHe with blue fluor. Spar. sol. EtOH, EtjO. 

Extracting and processing of stones (sandstone, granite, slate, fluor-spar, mica)... 

Yellow needles from AcOH. M.p. above 360°. Sol. hot AcOH with yellowish-green fluor. Spar. sol. ord. org, solvents. 

Yellow needles from Ac0H.Aq. M.p. 300°. Sol. EtOH, AcOH with blue fluor. Spar. so). 

Clarke ED (1819) Account of a newly discovered variety of green fluor spar, of very uncommon beauty, and with remarkable properties of eolour and phosphoreseence. Ann Philos 14 34-36... 

---