Nutritional uses

E 420, E 421, E 953, E 965, E 966 and E 967 are polyhydric alcohols and they are allowed to quantum satis in certain foods that are energy-reduced or with no added sugar, including certain dessert products, breakfast cereals, edible ices, jams and marmalades, certain confectionery products, line bakery wares and sandwich spreads in chewing gum with no added sugar and in sauces, mustard, products for particular nutritional uses and solid supplements/dietary integrators. 

The alternative fuels FT and DME fuels can be mannfactnred from natiual gas and are therefore not limited by feedstock availabiUty. Biodiesel on the other hand, is prodnced from vegetable (and some waste animal) oils whose supply for non-nutritional uses is presently quite limited. 

Fraser P, Bramley P (2004) The biosynthesis and nutritional uses of carotenoids. Prog Lipid Res 43 228-265... 

For a species of insect to survive (to pass through the sieve of Figure 1), its food must contain the nutrients essential for that species. Nutrition used in this narrow sense (as opposed to the broader term insect dietetics) delineates the minimal nutritional requirements for successful growth, development, and reproduction (13). Serving as a nutrient is not an inherent quality of a... 

The most important nutritional use of sesame protein is as a methionine source for complementation of other protein consequently, the low lysine content is not an important consideration with proper complementation (69). Here we see a case where reduced bioavailability of an amTrib acid is documented but is of little practical importance in the mixed diet in which the protein will be only a part. 

Slavin JL, Greenberg NA. Partially hydrolyzed guar gum clinical nutrition uses. Nutrition 2003 19(6) 549-52. 

Bender DA (1999) Non-nutritional uses of vitamin Be. British Journal of Nutrition 81, 7-20. 

Only egg yolk, milk, and brain have served as major animal sources of commercial lecithin. In some instances, isolated and purified lecithins have been developed for clinical nutritional uses. Weihrauch and Son (12) present a concise review of phospholipid composition in various foods. 

Nutritional Uses of Lecithin in Animal Feeds The functional aspects of lecithin use as an emulsifier are referenced above. Emulsification of dietary lipid is also nutritionally important for digestion. Immature animals of all species (e.g., calves, dogs, fish, pigs, and poultry) have limited production of digestive emulsifiers (i.e., bile) and enzymes. Providing lecithin as a dietary emulsifier allows improved utilization of feed energy. 

NUTRITIONAL AGENTS are taken here to include a variety of agents having dietary or nutritional uses. See also DIGESTIVE AGENTS. 

EEC. 1989. Commission of the European Communities. Council Directive No 89/398/EEC on the Approximation of the Laws of the Member States Relating to Foodstuffs Intended for Particular Nutritional Uses. OJ L 186, 30/06/89, pp. 27-32. 

Safety aspects affected by the compounds that may constitute health hazards for the consumers and affect the digestibility and nutritional use of the food, e.g., heavy metals, toxins of different origin, pathogenic microorganisms, parasites, and enzyme inhibitors... 

Trujillo EB, Young LS, Chertow GM, et al. Metabolic and monetary costs of avoidable parenteral nutrition use. JPEN J Parenter Enter Nutr 1999 23 109-113. 

Antiscorbutic activity per se is more widespread than the results of Table 1 would indicate. Many of the inactive or slightly active compounds are rapidly excreted by the kidneys of the test animals and so do not remain long in the body with the conventional scheme of daily dosages. D-Ascorbic acid behaves this way and is inactive in the usual bio-assay, as predicted from its configuration. But when n-ascorbic acid is given in many small doses throughout the day, it is fully as active as L-ascorbic acid (B42). The strict chemical specificity of antiscorbutic action therefore represents the summation of properties which determine distribution and excretion by the body, as well as the chemical requirements for its particular metabolic actions. The present available data clearly show that nutritionally useful antiscorbutic compounds are severely limited, but that the chemical limitations on structure for certain metabolic actions are apparently less severe. 

In addition to its nutritional uses, ascorbic acid has a number of other industrial applications, including ... 

A very similar clinical presentation has been noted in adults treated for relatively prolonged periods by total intravenous nutrition, using nutrient mixtures with insufficient zinc (Kay et al., 1976). It is now accepted that zinc should be added to the nutrient mix from the start of treatment. We have found that although patient requirements can vary considerably, addition of 6.5 mg per day is effective and safe. 

Previous studies (as mentioned above) demonstrated an improvement in the general iodine supply in different areas and different age groups. The underlying reasons for this improvement (e.g., altered nutrition, use of iodinated salt) and its consequences for thyroid pathologies are not always obvious. To clearly assess a populations iodine status, the WHO recommended monitoring the iodine content in salt at the production level, measurement of urinary iodine concentration and carrying out surveys in large cohorts under local circumstances as the most suitable method for iodine status assessment (WHO, 2001). 

Figure 128.1 History of iodine suppiementation, surveys of chiidren, miik monitoring and iodine nutrition in Tasmania (1949-2007). After Gibson (1995) for 1949-1984, information for 1984 onwards from Thyroid Advisory Committee meeting minutes Hynes (2001), Hynes et al., (2004), and Seai et al., (2007). A summary of the history of iodine in Tasmania, inciuding pianned and unpianned supplementation programs, surveys of thyroid size and urinary iodine ieveis in chiidren, monitoring of iodine ieveis in miik, and the status of iodine nutrition using the Worid Heaith Organization definitions. The summary covers the period from 1949, when the first survey of schoolchildren was conducted, to the most recent survey of children conducted in 2007. Stewart etal., (1971) based on WHO definitions World Health Organization, (2001).

A. R. Dennison, M. Ball, L. J. Hands, P. C. Crowe. R. M. Watkins, and M, Kettle well. Total parenteral nutrition using conventional and medium chain triglycerides effect on liver function tests, complement, and nitrogen balance. J. Parem. Enl. Nutr.. 12 15-19, 1987... 

Roth, F.X., Kirchgessner, M and Paulicks, B.R. (1996) Nutritive use of feed additives based on diformates in the rearing and fattening of pigs and their effects on performance. Agribiological Research 49 307-317. 

Bhatia J, Greer F, American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. Use of soy protein-based formirlas in infant feeding. Pediatrics. 2(X)8 121(5) 1062-8. 

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