Antigen , adenovirus

FIGURE 3.5 Adenovirus pneumonia in a heart transplant patient who developed ARDS and respiratory failure. Infected cells within necrotizing exudate show intranuclear reactivity with antibody to adenovirus antigen. Some cells show inclusions with a clear halo around them, making a differential diagnosis from CMV difficult on H E stain. (Immunoperoxidase staining with DAB and hematoxylin counterstain x400.)... 

Hierholzer, J.C., Johansson, K.H., Anderson, L.J., Tsou, C.J., and Halonen, P.E. (1987) Comparison of monoclonal time resolved fhioroimmunoassay with monoclonal capture biotinylated detector enzyme immunoassay for adenovirus antigen detection. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 25, 1662 1667. 

Yen N, Ioannides CG, Xu K, et al. Cellular and humoral immune responses to adenovirus and p53 protein antigens in patients following intratumor injection of an adenovirus vector expressing wild-type p53 (Ad-p53). Cancer Gene Ther 2000 7 530-536. 

Expression of hepatitis B surface antigen with a recombinant adenovirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 1985. 82(22) 7560. ... 

Yang, Y., Nunes, F.A., Berencsi, K., Furth, E.E., Gonczol, E., Wilson, J.M. (1994). Cellular immunity to viral antigens limits El-deleted adenoviruses for gene therapy. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 91(10), 4407-A411. 

The adenoviruses contain at least three protein moieties, and certain types are capable of inducing one or more new host antigens, such as tumor (T) antigens, the chemistry of which is presently unknown. The viial proteins can be separated by gel diffusion and correlated with results obtained by complement fixation. One moiety is the toxic protein that causes the host cell to degenerate. Another corresponds to the group antigen common to all 31 types of adenoviruses and the third is the type-specific protein. 

The p53 protein acts as a negative regulator of cell growth it was first detected through its association with the SV40 big-T oncoprotein in virus-transformed cells. Viral oncoproteins like SV40 T antigen and adenovirus E1B sequester... 

Yang, Y., Li, Q., Ertl, H.C. and Wilson, J.M. (1995) Cellular and humoral immune responses to viral antigens create barriers to lung-directed gene therapy with recombinant adenoviruses. J. Virol., 69, 2004-2015. 

T. Tanaka, F. Kanai, S. Okabe, Y. Yoshida, H. Wakimoto, H. Hamada, Y. Shiratori, K. Lan, M. Ishitobi, and M. Omata, Adenovirus-mediated prodrug gene therapy for carcinoembryonic antigen-producing human gastric carcinoma cells in vitro, Cancer Res. 56 1341 (1996). 

R. Rodriguez, E. R. Schuur, H. Y. Lim, G. A. Henderson, J. W. Simons, and D. R. Henderson, Prostate attenuated replication competent adenovirus (ARCA) CN706 a selective cytotoxic for prostate-specific antigen-positive prostate cancer cells, Cancer Res. 57 2559 (1997). 

Qin, L. H., Ding, Y. Z., Pahud, D. R., Robson, N. D., Shaked, A. and Bromberg, J. S. (1997). Adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of viral interleukin-10 inhibits the immune response to both alloantigen and adenoviral antigen. Hum. Gene Ther. 8, 1365-1374. 

DNA analysis on a 12-sample 1-channel glass chip have been performed for (1) CGE separation of the PCR products of the human monocyte antigen (CD 14) gene, adenovirus 2 DNA and human p53 gene, and (2) sizing of the plasmid digest [982]. 

Recombinant techniques (Ogra et al. 2001) for generating purified antigens in large quantities have been used for the development of several vaccines including the hepatitis B virus vaccine (oral hepatitis B vaccine based on live recombinant adenovirus) (Lubeck et al. 1989). Other examples of recombinantly produced vaccines include vaccines containing tetanus toxoid, diphtheria toxin, and acellular pertussis toxoid. 

The mucosal vaccines approved for human use include typhoid, cholera, adenovirus, Sabin oral polio, and rotavirus vaccines. New mucosal vaccine strategies are focused on development of non-replicating subunit vaccines, DNA, plant, and other types of recombinant vaccines as well as the use of mucosal adjuvants preferably inbuilt into the vaccine. The conjugation of lipids to peptide antigens is one approach which enables the production of highly... 

The oncolytic viruses include adenovirus, measles, reovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV),HSV,poxvirus, and vaccinia. Specific examples include (1) ONYX-015, which is an adenoviral oncolytic virus, administered to patients with liver metastases of colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer [29], (2) Reolysin, which is an oncolytic reovirus administered to patients with glioma [30], and (3) MV-CEA, which is an oncolytic measles virus expressing carcinoembryonic antigen, administered to patients with ovarian cancer [31]. Some oncolytic viruses are wild type and are apparently not pathogenic in humans, such as the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which is an RNA avian paramyxovirus. PV701, a naturally attenuated, replication-competent strain of NDV, has been administered to patients with advanced solid tumors [32], The applicability of oncolytic viruses as a therapy for clinical oncology trials is due to their potential selectivity the ability to kill tumor cells but not normal cells. However, the level of attenuation of viral replication in normal cells is limited for most oncolytic vectors. 

---