Clinical oncology

Although in vitro models clearly show that MDR transporters can protect tumor cells, their relevance in clinical oncology remains controver sial. As is the case for most potentially useful cancer biomarkers, no universally embraced guidelines for analytical or clinical validation of MDR transporters exist. Evidence linking ABCB1 Pgp/MDRl expression with poor clinical outcome is most conclusive for breast cancer, sarcoma, and certain types of leukemia. The relevance of the other MDR transporters in clinical MDR is still unclear. The prognostic implication of ABCCl/ MRPl remains controversial and very little is known clinically about ABCG2. 

Rizzo JD, Lichtin AE, Woolf SH, et al. Use of epoetin in patients with cancer Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Society of Hematology. J Clin Oncol 2002 20(19) 4083-4107. 

Hillner BE, Ingle JN, Chlebowski RT, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology 2003 update on the role of bisphosphonates and bone health issues in women with breast cancer. J Clin Oncol 2003 21 4042-4057. 

Winer EP, Hudis C, Burstein HJ, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology technology assessment on the use of aromatase inhibitors as adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer Status report 2004. J Clin Oncol 2005 23 619-629. 

ASCO, American Society of Clinical Oncology IV, intravenously PO, by mouth. Data from ref. 25. 

Wolff AC, Hammond MEH, Schwartz JN, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guideline Recommendations for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 2007 131 18-43. 

Wolff A, Hammond M, Schwartz J, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology/ College of American Pathologists guideline recommendations for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 testing in breast cancer. J. Clin. Oncol. 2007 25 118-145. 

Cauley JA, Martino S, Barrett-Connor E et al. (2004) Effect of raloxifene on invasive breast cancer incidence in postmenopausal women stratified by Gail risk assessment results of the Continuing Outcomes Relevant to Evista (CORE) trial. Abstract 1018. American Society of Clinical Oncology... 

Chlebowski RT, Collyar DE, Somerfield MR et al. (1999) American Society of Clinical Oncology technology assessment on breast cancer risk reduction strategies tamoxifen and raloxifene. J Clin Oncol 17 1939-1955... 

Chlebowski RT, Col N, Winer EP et al. (2002) American Society of Clinical Oncology Technology assessment of pharmacologic interventions for breast cancer risk reduction including tamoxifen, raloxifene, and aromatase inhibition. J Clin Oncol 20(15) 3328—3343... 

Kruijtzer, C.M., Beijnen, J.H., Rosing, H., ten Bokkel Huinink, W.W., Schot, M., Jewell, R.C., Paul, E.M. and Schellens, J. H. (2002) Increased oral bioavailability of topotecan in combination with the breast cancer resistance protein and P-glycoprotein inhibitor GF120918. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 20, 2943-2950. 

Hirsh V, Desjardins P, Needles BM, Rigas JR, Jahanzeb M, Nguyen L, Zembryki D, Leopold LH (2007) Oral versus intravenous administration of vinorelbine as a single agent for the first-line treatment of metastatic nonsmall cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) - A randomized phase II trial. American Journal of Clinical Oncology-Cancer Clinical Trials 30 245-251. 

Evans, W. E., Hon, Y. Y., Bomgaars, L., et al. (2001) Preponderance of thiopuiine S-methyl-transferase deficiency and heterozygosity among patients intolerant to mercaptopurine or azathiopiine. Journal of Clinical Oncology. 19, 2293-2301. 

Olsen, E.A., Kim, Y.H., Kuzel, T.M., Pacheco, T.R., Foss, F.M., Parker, S. et al. (2007) Phase IIB multicenter trial of vorinostat in patients with persistent, progressive, or treatment refractory cutaneous T-ceU lymphoma. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 25, 3109-3115. 

Hauschild, A. (2006) A phase II multicenter study on the HDACi MS-275, comparing two dosage schedules in metastatic melanoma. Abs. 8044, Annual Meeting of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, Atlanta, Ga. 

Soria JC, Cortes J, Armand JP, Taleb A, Van Bree L, Lopez E, Song S, Zeradib K, Vazquez F, Martell RE, BaselgaJ (2005) 41st Annual Meeting American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), Orlando, 13-17 May 2005 Abstr 3109... 

American Society of Clinical Oncology. Clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of unresectable non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol 1997 15 2996-3018. 

Takada M, Fukuoka M, Furuse K, et al. A Phase III study of concurrent versus sequential thoracic radiotherapy in combination with cisplatin and etoposide for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer preliminary results of the Japan Clinical Oncology Group (abstract 1103). ProcAm Soc Clin Oncol 1996 15 372. 

Ando N, Iizuka T, Kakegawa T, et al. A randomized trial of surgery with and without chemotherapy for localized squamous carcinoma of the thoracic esophagus the Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997 114(2) 205-209. 

The role of postoperative chemotherapy for gastric carcinoma is still not clearly defined. Numerous prospective, randomized trials have been conducted in the United States and Europe, producing conflicting results. For example, Hermans et al. (14), in a meta-analysis of 123 trials, 11 of which could be analyzed for crude mortality odds, showed no improvement in survival after adjuvant chemotherapy. However, at the 1998 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) meeting, Earle et al. (15) presented a reanalysis of the literature. Twelve trials met the criteria for inclusion in this metaanalysis. They found a small survival benefit in the group that received adjuvant chemotherapy. Currently, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy is not recommended. 

Brown M, Click HA, Harrell F, Herndon J, McCabe M, Moinpour C et al. Integrating economic analysis into cancer clinical trials the National Cancer Institute-American Society of Clinical Oncology Economics workbook. J Natl Cancer InstMonogr 1998 24 1-28. 

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