Glass chips

Unfilled talc-filled coupled glass- Chip- Alumi- Mild... 

Das Chemidabor im Mikrochip, Blick durch die Wirtschafi, December 1997 Chemtel glass chip of Orchid Biocomputer, Princeton 144 cells for parallel processing matchbox-sized system with many devices micro pumps with no movable parts 10 nl internal volume carrying out of different reactions in parallel fashion complete chemistry laboratory en miniature 10 000 cells as future-development task [223],... 

Accordingly, chip micro reaction systems are frequently described in the literature. Most of them are made of silicon (see, e.g., [19, 56-62]) Glass can be manufactured by similar routes as for silicon and could hence constitute gas-phase micro reactors however, the glass chip micro reactors described so far were made for liquid-phase applications (see, e.g., [63-70]). 

The etched micro channels have different widths for more stable flow, e.g. to avoid a dependence on capillary forces in the reservoirs [18]. The glass chip is glued to a polymer caddy for interfacing with a multiport control device, the Caliper 42 Workstation. 

The interdigital feed can be fed in a counter-flow or co-flow orientation the first principle is realized in metal/stainless steel or silicon/stainless steel devices [39, 41], the latter in glass chip devices [40, 44 6]. 

In addition to the general improvement of transfer in micro reactors, there is evidence that the voltage of electroosmotic flow (for EOF see [14]) in combination with the large internal surface area in glass chips can induce hydroxide ion formation [6]. Concerning catalyst loss, there is no obvious direct correlation rather, micro reactors can act as mini fixed beds fixing heterogeneous catalyst particles. 

C) [9, 10]. It is said to be the first example of a heated organic reaction performed in a glass chip reactor imder electroosmohc flow (EOF) control [10] (for EOF see [14]). The performance of this reactor for room-temperatare reactions such as the Wittig reaction and Suzuki coupling was demonstrated before. 

Figure 19. Scanner image of pin-printed Cy5 dye spots on glass chip bearing nanoislands.

Arrays have been produced on filter supports, in microtiter plate wells and on glass slides coated and modified with one-, two- or 3-dimensional surface architectures as shown schematically in Figure 813 19. Glass offers a number of practical advantages, such as mechanical stability and low autofluorescence. Due to the non-porous character of glass chips, the volume of the hybridization solution can be kept to a minimum and probe-target interaction is not limited by diffusion into pores. However, three-... 

Commercially available glass chips provide reactive aldehyde-, amino-, mercapto-, isothiocyante-, active ester- or epoxy-groups for covalent binding of DNA (www.arrayit.com www.picorapid.com www.prolinx.com www.accelr8.com www4.amershambiosciences.com las.perkinelmer.com www.schleicher-schuell.com www.quantifoil.com www.xenopore.com ... 

C.S. Effenhauser, A. Manz, and M. Widmer, Glass chips for high-speed capillary electrophoresis separations with submicrometer plate heights. Anal. Chem. 65, 2637-2642 (1993). 

Tokeshi M, Minagawa T, Kitamori T (2000) Integration of a microextraction system on a glass chip ion-pair solvent extraction of fe(ii) with 4,7-di-phenyl- 1,10-phenanthrolinedisulfonic acid and tri-n-octylmethylammon-ium chloride. Anal Chem 72 1711-1714... 

Protein toxins such as botulism, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, or ricin can be separated with gas or liquid chromatography, electrophoresis, or a combination. The pChemLab (Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, NM) series of instruments includes a hand-held Bio Detector. Proteins in the sample are labeled with fluorescent tags, and nanoliter volumes of samples are separated by microchannels etched into a glass chip. The separation occurs as the sample moves through the channels and identification is based on retention times. The analyses can be completed within 10 min. 

Harrison, D. J., Manz, A., Pan, Z., Liidi, H., and Widmer, H. M. (1992). Capillary electrophoresis and sample injection systems integrated on a planar glass chip. Anal. Chem. 64, 1926-1932. 

Fan, Z. H., and Harrison, D. J. (1994). Micromachining of capillary electrophoresis injectors and separators on glass chips and evaluation of flow at capillary intersections. Anal. Chem. 66, 177. 

For something different, glass chips, made from recycled glass, are available in a range of colors. They have no sharp edges. Only for use over a mulch membrane. 

Plants from hot, dry environments often also appreciate a layer of gravel or stone chips over the surface of the soil it reflects the heat, and ensures that the bases of the stems stay dry and thus less prone to fungal rots. As a bonus, it will also suppress weeds. For a colorful alternative, use rounded glass chips made from recycled glass. 

Mourzina, Y., A. Steffen, D. Kalyagin, R. Carius, and A. Offenhausser. Capillary zone electrophoresis of amino acids on a hybrid poly(dimethylsiloxane)-glass chip. Electrophoresis 26, 1849-1860 (2005). 

Seiler, K., D. J. Harrison, and A. Manz. Planar glass chips for capillary electrophoresis Repetitive sample injection, quantitation, and separation efficiency, Anal. Chem. 65, 1481-1488 (1993). 

Capillary electrophoresis is increasingly popular144 - 149a and can be used to separate attomole amounts.150 It can be used not only for separation of proteins but also for rapid estimation of the net charge on a protein.151 The separation is conducted in tubes with internal diameters as small as 10-15 pm and as short as 1 cm. Multiple channels cut into a glass chip... 

As mentioned above, the cobalt silicate glass chips offer one practical system for measurements in the kilorad range. However, since the chips need to be embedded in the fruit, they are not convenient, and also they are relatively expensive. Nevertheless, these chips may still be the best choice for definitive work at low doses. 

A. Manz, D.J. Harrison, E.M.J. Verpoorte, J.C. Fettinger, A. Paulus, H. Ludi and H.M. Widmer, Planar chips technology for miniaturization and integration of separation techniques into monitoring systems Capillary electrophoresis on a chip, J. Chromatogr. A, 593 (1992) 253-258. D.J. Harrison, A. Manz, Z.H. Gan, H. Ludi and H.M. Widmer, Capillary electrophoresis and sample injection systems integrated on a planar glass chip, Anal. Chem., 64 (1992) 1926-1932. 

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