Rotavirus vaccine

Pang, X. L., Joensuu, J., and Vesikari, T. (1999). Human calicivirus-associated sporadic gastroenteritis in Firmish children less than two years of age followed prospectively during a rotavirus vaccine trial. Pediatr. Infect. Dis. J. 18,420 26. 

The first rotavirus vaccine was a tetravalent rhesus rotavirus strain. It was licensed in the United States in 1998 and subsequently withdrawn from the market due to an association with intussusception. A pentavalent human-bovine reassortant rotavirus vaccine was approved by the FDA in February 2006. The exact mechanism by which the vaccine produces an immune response is unknown however, this live virus vaccine replicates in the small intestines and induces immunity. 

The rotavirus vaccine is a three-dose series that is orally administered. The first dose is given to infants between 6 and 12 weeks of age with subsequent doses administered 4 to 10 weeks apart. 

Rotational suspension separation encapsulation process, 16 450 Rotational viscometers, 21 731-737 computers in, 21 732 operation of, 21 736 Rotations, of molecules cause of color, 7 326t, 328 Rotavirus vaccine, 25 496 Rotaxanes, 17 61, 24 31, 33, 51 as molecular computers, 24 60 Rotenone (Chem-Fish Synergized,... 

Rotavirus — the most common cause of severe diarrhea in infanfs, with approximately 125 million cases worldwide per year and 600,000 deaths — vaccines have been linked with intussusceptions (a problem with the intestine in which one portion of the bowel slides into the next) at a rate of between 1 in 5000 and 1 in 11,000 infants. The only rotavirus vaccine approved in the United States, RotaShield (Wyeth-Ayerst), was withdrawn from market on October 22, 1999, about 1 year after licensure. 

Rotavirus Vaccine, Live, Oral, Pentavalent (RotaTeq)... 

Gallium Nitrate (Ganite) [Hormone] Uses t Ca of malignancy bladdCT CA Action -1- bone resorption of Ca Dose t Ca 200 mg/mVd X 5 d CA 350 mg/m cont inf X 5 d to 700 mg/m rapid IV inf q2wk in antineoplastic settings (pCT protocols) Caution [C, ] Do not give w/ live or rotavirus vaccine Contra SCr >2.5 mg/dL Disp Inj SE Renal insuff, -1- Ca, hypophosphatemia, -1- bicarb, <1% acute optic neuritis Interactions t Risks of nephrotox amphotCTicin B,... 

Uses Pancreatic islet cell tumors carcinoid tumors Action DNA-DNA (int -strand) cross-linking DNA, RNA, protein synth inhibitor Dose Per protocol -1- in renal failure Caution w/ renal failure [D, /-] Contra w/ rotavirus vaccine, PRG Disp Inj SE N/V/D, duodenal ulcers, depression, X BM rare nephrotox (proteinuria azotemia dose related), hypophosphatemia dose limiting hypo-/hypCTglycemia inj site Rxns Interactions t Risk of nephrotox W/... 

Rotavirus vaccines Live attenuated strains of rotavirus Active immunization against rotavirus (causes severe childhood diarrhoea)... 

A good example of the recent and future evolution of viral vaccines and their concomitant issues of technology, complexity and competition, is the rotavirus vaccine. This is of great relevance for the prevention of diarrhea, which is often deadly in developing countries (half a million deaths per year) and has high hospitalization costs in rich countries. After successive failures of monovalent vaccines, multivalent vaccines based on the reshuffling of rotavirus strains comprising the attenuation properties of animal strains with the external capsid of human serotypes were developed. 

Fischer TK, Bresee JS, Glass RI (2004), Rotavirus vaccines and the prevention of hospital acquired diarrhea in children, Vaccine 22( Suppl 1) S49—54. 

Murphy TV, Smith PJ, Gargiullo PM, Schwartz B (2003), The first rotavirus vaccine and intussusception epidemiological studies and policy decisions, J. Infect. Dis. 187 1309-1313. 

The mucosal vaccines approved for human use include typhoid, cholera, adenovirus, Sabin oral polio, and rotavirus vaccines. New mucosal vaccine strategies are focused on development of non-replicating subunit vaccines, DNA, plant, and other types of recombinant vaccines as well as the use of mucosal adjuvants preferably inbuilt into the vaccine. The conjugation of lipids to peptide antigens is one approach which enables the production of highly... 

Foster RH, Wagstaff AJ (1998) Tetravalent human-rhesus reassortant rotavirus vaccine - A review of its immunogenicity, tolerability and protective efficacy against paediatric rotavirus gastroenteritis. Biodrugs 9(2) 155-178... 

Despite concerns about potentially serious side effects of the controversial rotavirus vaccine, it won unanimous votes of support in both committees. Within one year, the vaccine, made by Wyeth Lederle, had to be pulled from the market because it was causing severe bowel obstructions in infants that required surgery to correct. One baby died. The Committee found that three out of the five full-time FDA advisory committee members who voted for the vaccine had financial ties to Wyeth Lederle or two companies developing rival rotavirus vaccines — Merck and SmithKline Beecham. Four out of eight CDC advisory committee members who supported the vaccine had conflicts with the same companies. 

---