Acrylates skin irritation

With respect to acute toxicity, based on lethaHty in rats or rabbits, acryhc monomers are slightly to moderately toxic. Mucous membranes of the eyes, nose, throat, and gastrointestinal tract are particularly sensitive to irritation. Acrylates can produce a range of eye and skin irritations from slight to corrosive depending on the monomer. 

Overexposure to acryhc mbbers is not likely to cause significant acute toxic effects. ACM however may contain residual monomers, mainly acrylate monomers, vapors of which are known to cause eye and/or skin irritation. 

The development of monoalkyl phosphate as a low skin irritating anionic surfactant is accented in a review with 30 references on monoalkyl phosphate salts, including surface-active properties, cutaneous effects, and applications to paste and liquid-type skin cleansers, and also phosphorylation reactions from the viewpoint of industrial production [26]. Amine salts of acrylate ester polymers, which are physiologically acceptable and useful as surfactants, are prepared by transesterification of alkyl acrylate polymers with 4-morpholinethanol or the alkanolamines and fatty alcohols or alkoxylated alkylphenols, and neutralizing with carboxylic or phosphoric acid. The polymer salt was used as an emulsifying agent for oils and waxes [70]. Preparation of pharmaceutical liposomes with surfactants derived from phosphoric acid is described in [279]. Lipid bilayer vesicles comprise an anionic or zwitterionic surfactant which when dispersed in H20 at a temperature above the phase transition temperature is in a micellar phase and a second lipid which is a single-chain fatty acid, fatty acid ester, or fatty alcohol which is in an emulsion phase, and cholesterol or a derivative. 

Osaka Organic Chemical will embark on volume production of a low-toxicity acrylic ester monomer with extremely low skin irritation, it is briefly reported. Principal applications are as a diluent monomer for UV and EB coating materials and inks, and as a modifier in unsaturated polyester resins, acrylic resins and PVC. OSAKA ORGANIC CHEMICAL INDUSTRIES CO.LTD. 

Direction of innovation (from the standpoint of market actors - 6al Some companies made bad experiences with skin irritation cansed by acrylates and photo initiators in the latmched UV-drying printing inks (warning by employers hability insnrance and trade union 1981) and the formation of bertzene in catiorric processes. 

The application of 0.1ml of a 4% acrylic acid solution in acetone to the skin of mice three times per week for 13 weeks led to distinct skin irritation from 1 week on. Only minimal proliferative processes were observed when 0.1 ml of a 1 % acrylic acid solution was applied. ... 

Tegeris AS, Balmer MF, Gamer FM, et al A thirteen week skin irritation study with acrylic acid in three strains of mice. Abst no.504 Toxicologist 8 504, 1988. 

The most widely used UV curable radical-initiated systems are based on acrylate unsaturation with the general formula H2C = CR-COOR (if R = H, the monomer is an acrylatel if R = CH3, it is a methacrylate). Methacrylates are less reactive than acrylates,but are less toxic and cause less skin irritation than acrylates. 

Polyether acrylates Polyether acrylates are produced by esterification of polyetherols with acrylic acid. They have a very low viscosity and do not require reactive thinners. Amino-modified polyether acrylates have a higher reactivity and low skin irritance, similar to polyester acrylates. 

Ethoxylated and propoxylated acrylates are highly reactive, yet exhibit less skin irritation. ... 

Monofunctional acrylates give a less reactive coating and are less desirable ingredients because of their volatility, odor and skin-irritating effects. Currently, the following bifunctional and polyfunctional acrylates are used in industrial applications (acronyms in parentheses) ... 

After dermal exposme, 4% acrylic acid resulted in marked skin irritation in three strains of mice (McLaughlin et al., 1995), while 1% in acetone was tolerated, i.e. a less pronounced irritative effect was observed. In a commercial acrylic acid sample, a.p-di-acryloxypropionic acid was identified as a strongly contact sensitizing constituent in guinea-pigs (Waegemaekers van der Walle, 1984). 

TOPKAT comprises 13 QSAR models and data from which these models are derived (rabbit skin irritation). Compounds and data were collected from national and international journals as well as U.S. government sources and total some 1258 compounds. The chemicals are grouped into five class specific models, heteroaromatic and multiple benzenes, alicylics, single benzenes, and two classes of acrylics. Each model applies to a specific class of chemicals and is further subdivided into two or three groups based on severity. 

Essentially, all primary skin irritants include acids, alkalis, metals, salts, and solvents. Among organic acids one may include acetic acid, acrylic acid, carbolic acid, chloroacetic acid, formic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, and salicylic acid. Among inorganic acids one may list arsenious acid, chromic acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid, and sulfuric acid. Alkalis include butylamines, ethylamines, ethanolamines, methylamines, propylamines, and triethanolamine. One also may include ammonium carbonate, ammonium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, calcium cyanamide, calcium hydroxide, calcium oxide, potassium carbonate, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate (soda ash), sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), and sodium silicate. 

Skin sensitization or chemical irritation caused by impurities and residual chemicals in adhesives Acryl amide, vinyl acetate, and styrene, which are common comonomers of PSA, are known to be probable human carcinogens. Dichloromethane and chloroform, which are good solvents for many PSAs, are also probable human carcinogens. Almost all organic liquid monomers and solvents are skin irritants. Therefore the level of residual solvent and monomer in PSAs and in the final TDS should be controlled to the lowest level. In the case of biological polymers, it is known that impurities in natural rubber cause skin sensitization. " ... 

For many years, it was known that hydrogel adhesives and SIS adhesives were soft to the skin, and that their skin irritation was milder in comparison with common acrylic and natural rubber adhesives. Based on these findings, guiding principles for lowering the skin irritation of adhesives were gradually elucidated. These are the following 1) adhesive matrix should contain lots of liquid substance 2) polymers should... 

Personal hygiene products such as disposable diapers make use of self-adhesive strips, covered with a release tape that is removed at the point of use. Again unmodified acrylic dispersions as well as hot melts dominate this application. The same considerations apply here as in first-aid dressings, and in particular the adhesive must not cause skin irritation. 

CAS 818-61-1 EINECS/ELINCS 212-454-9 Uses Crosslinkable paint resin binder for textiles and paper urethane acrylates reactive thinners for curing by radiation comonomer for refinishing paints adhesion promoter for polymers Properties Pt-Co 50 max. clear liq. ester-like si. yel. odor misc. with water m.w. 116.1 sp.gr. 1.11 vise. 9 mPa s (20 C) vapor pressure 0.1 mbar b.p. 230 C solid, pt. -60 C flash pt. 104 C ref. index 1.450 95% min. purity 0.02% max. water 0.5% max. acid Toxicoiogy LD50 (oral, rat) 650 mg/kg severe skin irritant and sensitizer caustic TSCA listed... 

Reguiatory DOT nonregulated SARA 302, 313 nonreportable Properties Clear vise, liq. si. acrylate odor insol. in water sol. in most alcohols, aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones, and paraffins sp.gr. 1.07-1.11 (20 C) dens. S.9-9.3 Ib/gal vise. 4000-8000 cps flash pt. (PMCC) > 110 C 97% min. NV < 0.1% free formaldehyde Toxicology May cause eye and skin irritation causes respiratory tract irritation may cause allergic skin reaction contains formaldehyde—potential cancer hazard TSCA listed Hazardous Ingredients Formaldehyde (< 0.1%)... 

These two-pack cold-cure solvent-borne coatings have excellent durability and abrasion resistance. They are designed for spray applications on steel, aluminium and light alloy surfaces wMch have been suitably pretreated. Base and hardener are mixed in 3 1 or 5 1 ratios as recommended by the manufacturer and the pot life is around 2 hours under normal working conditions (20 C) and should not be used after the stated time. Polyurethane/acrylic resin combination is also available. Two-pack polyurethanes are widely used in veMcle body repair and can contain isocyanate which is a basic constituent in the production of polyurethane and is the most common cause of industrial asthma and it is also a skin irritant. It should be easily identified by a label on the container which should say contains isocyanates, harmful by inhalation and in contact with skin . Waterborne two-pack polyurethane finishes are available. 

N-Cyanoethyl-N-acetoxyethyl aniline. See Cyanoethylacetoxyethylaniline Cyanoethyl acrylate. See 2-Cyanoethyl acrylate 2-Cyanoethyl acrylate CAS 106-71-8 EINECS/ELINCS 203-426-7 Synonyms Acrylic acid, 2-cyanoethyl ester Acrylic acid, ester with hydracrylonitrile Cyanoethyl acrylate 2-Cyanoethyl propenoate Hydracrylonitrile, acrylate 2-Propenoic acid, 2-cyanoethyl ester Classification Acrylic Empirical C6H7NO2 Formula CHziCHCOOCHzCHzCN Properties Liq. sol. in water m.w. 125.14 dens. 2.0690 f.p. -16.9 C flash pt. 255 F (124 C) Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 180 mg/kg, (skin, rabbit) 220 pl/kg toxic by ing. and inh. primary irritant mod. to severe skin irritant mild eye irritant corrosive causes burns possible sensitizer TSCA listed Precaution Combustible Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp, emits NOx, CN-... 

Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 11 g/kg, (skin, rabbit) 45,200 mg/kg mildly toxic by ing. and skin contact skin irritant TSCA listed Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes Uses Monomer for air-drying adhesives, coatings, caulks, sealants, elastomers functional comonomer for acrylic resins crosslinks acrylics, unsat. polyesters and alkyd... 

Properties M.w. 185.29 Toxicology LD50 (oral, rat) 4696 mg/kg LC50 (inh., rat, 4 h) 11 g/m mildly toxic by ing. and inh. severe eye and skin irritant harmful if swallowed TSCA listed Precaution Combustible Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Heated to decomp., emits toxic vapors of NOx Uses Industrial and automotive coatings dye additives intermediate for water treatment and oil field chemicals stabilizer for fuel oils acrylic modifier intermediate for polymethacrylates and dispersants Manuf./Distrib. Aldrich http //www.sigma-aidrich.com-, CPS Monomer-Polymer 8i Dajac Labs Polysciences http //www.poiysciences.com, Rhodia http //www.rhodia.com Trade Name Synonyms Ageflex FM-2 [Ciba Spec. Chems./Water Paper] Sipomer 2E1M t[Rhodia HPCII http //www.rhodia-hpcii.com]... 

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