Government Sources

Table 1.1 World and USA production of plastics materials (Much of the earlier data are based on long tons later data are in tonnes. The USA figures are based on estimates published in Modern Plastics, apart from those for 1967, which are from US government sources. The global figures are from various sources, with the 1992 figure being based on RAPRA statistics.)...

This is an area that is in a state of flux at the time of writing. There is increased pressure from government sources aimed at trying to reduce obesity and heart disease. The EU has also become involved. Indeed, the recent additions to the EU make it particularly difficult to label products with small packages in all EU languages. 

IChemE Accident Database Reports about chemical incidents around the world from official government sources, the news media, and company reports 1980-Present Scope is beyond incidents reported to or investigated by regulatory agencies or first responders Contains lessons learned from 3,000 incidents Only one-fourth of the 12,000 incidents in the database contain lessonsdeamed information... 

The solvent parameter and property values used in this method were estimated from several industrial and professional sociehes and government sources. The environmental index for each of the twelve parameters is calculated and normalized on a zero-to-one scale [1]. Depending on whether high or low values for the parameters prove to be greener , Equation 3.7 or Equation 3.8 is used, respectively. In Equations 3.7 and 3.8, x in and x ax are the minimum and maximum value of a specific parameter for all solvents contained within the Solvent Greenness Scoring Index database, Xj is the value of a parameter for solvent i, and Mj is the scaled value of metric M for solvent i [1]. 

TOPKAT comprises 13 QSAR models and data from which these models are derived (rabbit skin irritation). Compounds and data were collected from national and international journals as well as U.S. government sources and total some 1258 compounds. The chemicals are grouped into five class specific models, heteroaromatic and multiple benzenes, alicylics, single benzenes, and two classes of acrylics. Each model applies to a specific class of chemicals and is further subdivided into two or three groups based on severity. 

If one considers the present projections of most American government sources, the above expectations will seem overly optimistic. For example, the early release of the Energy Information Administration (EIA) of the United States energy outlook shown in Figure 1.61 provides estimates that suggest a... 

As discussed earlier, the first step in orphan product development is the determination that the product is indeed entitled to orphan designation. The government gives one criterion as a prevalence of 200,000 individuals in the United States (not incidence). Extensive research into the disease must be conducted. The object of this chapter is not to discuss research techniques however there are numerous government sources or national foundations that may be enlisted to help research the disease with appropriate demographic data. All such data should be carefully compiled and tabulated for presentation to the government. 

It should be stated that the whole of this work was unpaid from Government sources, the workers receiving only their University salaries, in cases where they were members of staff, or the value of their Scholarships, if they held any such distinctions. Not only so, but the demand for chemists throughout the war was continuous, so that the... 

Source EPA estimates based on a variety of government sources. 

If you have a serious disease problem in your garden that you cannot diagnose, you may want to turn to private consultants or to government sources, such as the Cooperative Extension Service, for help. Your local extension agent may immediately recognize the problem. If not, he or she can serve as a contact with specialists from your state university. 

Peterson, I. H., Government Sources (Executive Conference on Organizing and Managing Information Proceedings), University of Chicago, Chicago, 1958. 

Table IV. Chemical Market Information from Government Sources ...

This title contains information on toxicology, occupational health, and environmental information with a focus on emergency situations of exposure and hazard control. It also addresses ergonomics and human health risk assessment. It contains bibliographic, full text, and numeric information. Consists of eleven files of information from various government sources - US EPA, OSTIA, DOT, Coast Guard, NIOSH, and others. Updated quarterly. Produced by Micromedex, Inc. 

In the field of edible fats and oils, four associations provide data. The Institute of Shortening and Edible Oils, Inc., in Washington, D. C., issues a monthly report of statistics available on any of the following products cottonseed oil, soybean oil, peanut oil, corn oil, federally inspected lard, and creamery butter. Data are compiled from various government sources and may indicate consumption, supplies, and disappearance, including exports and re-exports. In addition some price information, as well as some statistics on inedible oils, such as tung, linseed, animal fats, and greases, are assembled. 

Another publication of unusual interest is the Chemical Statistics Directory, No. 2 (40) which provides an index to the chemical statistics available from government sources for the years 1946-1947. This report has not been revised as originally planned nevertheless, the sources listed are still mainly correct. 

It is possible that a concerned citizen s letter to an editor plants the seeds for a story, but the usual initiation of coverage is an involved source. Unfortunately, there seems to be a paranoia, especially among government sources, about looking pro-pesticide. 

All instrumental analytical methods except coulometry (Chapter 15) require calibration standards, which have known concentrations of the analyte present in them. These calibration standards are used to establish the relationship between the analytical signal being measured by the instrument and the concentration of the analyte. Once this relationship is established, unknown samples can be measured and the analyte concentrations determined. Analytical methods should require some sort of reference standard or check standard. This is also a standard of known composition with a known concentration of the analyte. This check standard is not one of the calibration standards and should be from a different lot of material than the calibration standards. It is run as a sample to confirm that the calibration is correct and to assess the accuracy and precision of the analysis. Reference standard materials are available from government and private sources in many countries. Government sources include the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in the US, the National Research Council of Canada (NRCC), and the Laboratory of the Government Chemist in the UK. 

Qualitative analysis by Raman spectroscopy is very complementary to IR spectroscopy and in some cases has an advantage over IR spectroscopy. The Raman spectrum is more sensitive to the organic framework or backbone of a molecule than to the functional groups, in contrast to the IR spectrum. IR correlation tables are useful for Raman spectra, because the Raman shift in wavenumbers is equal to the IR absorption in wave-numbers for the same vibration. Raman spectral libraries are available from commercial and government sources, as noted in the bibliography. These are not as extensive as those available for IR, but are growing rapidly. 

Incapacitating agents. These were initially seen by some as a panacea to make warfare safe and humane. Thousands of potential compounds were screened, obtained from government sources in the United States and from commercial pharmaceutical companies around the world. Although there were several promising materials, primarily menial incapacitants, only BZ was ever standardized. 

More information can be obtained from the following U.S. government sources ... 

This book is essentially a collection of relevant information on the subject of Wesqxrns of mass Destruction. The information came primarily from federal government sources and is believed to be reliable and authoritative. 1 have included in the book the sources of all information. 

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