Fuel and gas oils

Gas turbines operate on natural gas, synthetic gas, landfill gas, and fuel oils. Plants are often designed to operate on gaseous fuel with a stored liquid fuel for backup, so as to obtain the less-expensive interruptible rate for natural gas. Dual fuel combustion capability is a purchase option on many gas turbines. The turbine is ideally suited as an integral component in the IGCC train. Further, modern gas turbines have proven to be reliable power generators, given proper maintenance. Time to overhaul is typically 25,000 to 50,000... 

Cracking Gas oil, fuel oil, heavy feedstocks Gasoline, gas, and fuel oil 875-975°F 470-525°C Dissociation or splitting of molecules... 

The molten plastic flows into the noncatalytic cracking unit where the liquid is cracked into gas and fuel oil vapour and then leaves out of the top of the unit to go to the condenser and fractionating tower. 

BOILERS—The control of combustion products varies with the fuel combusted and boiler design. For natural gas and fuel oil combustion, the control mechanism for NOx and CO emissions is typically a burner system that... 

Ideally, fuel sources for cooking and distilling fuel alcohol would come from solid fuels, such as coal, wood and crop residues. Such practice would minimize the amount of high-quality liquid and gaseous fuels consumed for heating and increase the total quantity of liquid fuels available. Alternative fuels include natural and LP gas and fuel oil alcohol product mined solid fuels (coal, peat, anthracite) crop and forest residues, farm and forest fuel crops and combustible wastes methane gas produced from animal wastes and biomass and solar radiation. 

Carbonyl compounds are probably present at low levels in all air samples (Fung and Grosjean, 1981). A great variety of combustion processes produce aldehydes they are particularly abundant in wood smoke, and have also been identified in the products of combustion of natural gas and fuel oil, and in engine exhaust samples. It is likely that they are relatively long-lived intermediates in atmospheric photooxidation reactions. Formaldehyde (CH2O), for example, is always an obligatory intermediate in the conversion of methane to CO2. In nearly all air samples so far examined, formaldehyde has been the most abundant aldehyde, with acetaldehyde, pro-pionaldehyde, acrolein, benzaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, and furfural sometimes present at much lower concentrations (Kuwata et al., 1979 Penkett, 1982 Zhou and... 

NO and NO2 are undesirable by-products of the combustion of fuels such as coal, natural gas, and fuel oil in boilers of power plants (Table 6.18.5). Nitrogen oxides are formed during combustion by three different kinds of reactions ... 

Alternate Fuels. This term refers to fuels other than natural gas and fuel oil. If a boiler cannot meet mandated NO levels with its existing fuel, a switch to an alternate fuel may prove worthwhile. Capital costs for implementing alternate fuels range widely. For example, a facility containing equipment that can handle both fuel oil and natural gas can switch between fuels with minimal costs. However, if using an alternate fuel requires new handling and storage equipment, costs may exceed 50,000 per boiler. 

Gas purification to pipeline quality is yet another option. This option involves the conversion of landfill a medium heating value gas, into high heating value gas for local gas distribution networks (h, in compressed form, for vehicular fuel. In 1992, there were 7 sites that upgraded landfill gas to pipeline-quality gas. This option also remains uneconomical as Icmg as the prices of natural gas and fuel oil remain relatively low [16]. 

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