Acrylate-modified polyester

Acrylate-modified polyester resins have proved suitable as binders for radiation-curable coatings [2.86]. 

Radiation Curing. The cross-linking of acrylate-modified polyester resins with U V radiation or an electron beam is an energy-saving alternative to the heat-curing systems. Reactive diluents (e.g., polyfunctional acrylates) are required to adjust the viscosity for application although they increase reactivity, they reduce the flexibility and substrate adhesion of the paint film. 

Radiation-Curable Polyester Coatings. Radiation-curable polyester paints (see also Section 3.7) are particularly suitable for coating flat surfaces (strips, boards, sheets) and for temperature-sensitive substrates (paper, plastics). Acrylate-modified polyester resins are used for UV printing inks, UV varnishes for paper and plastics, as well as for pigmentable, electron beam-curable gloss and matt paints [2.86]. Radiation-curable polyester paints are also suitable for metal coatings with good elasticity. 

Pike and Lamm, in a contribution from United Technologies, describe the preparation of acrylic modified polyester adhesives which exhibited anaerobic cure behavior. The hydroxyl containing polyester was synthesized from dimethyl terephthalate, isophthalic acid, trimellitic acid and diethylene glycol or ethylene glycol using a butyl titanate catalyst. A series of model compound reactions was carried out to establish optimum conditions for the acid-catalyzed addition of glycidyl methacrylate with the hydroxyl containing polyester. Sulfuric acid and... 

Potential Anaerobic and Structural Acrylic Modified Polyester Adhesives... 

With the introduction of the 206 spin necking process on steel cans, it was found that the necessary flexibility could not be obtained with acrylic systems and polyesters and acrylic modified polyesters gained success. To achieve successful spin necking, properties of flexibility, hardness, adhesion and abrasion resistance must be achieved. 

Polymers ndResins. / fZ-Butyl peroxyneopentanoate and other peroxyesters of neopentanoic acid can be used as free-radical initiators for the polymeri2ation of vinyl chloride [75-01-4] (38) or of ethylene [74-85-1]. These peresters have also been used in the preparation of ethylene—vinyl acetate copolymers [24937-78-8] (39), modified polyester granules (40), graft polymers of arninoalkyl acrylates with vinyl chloride resins (41), and copolymers of A/-vinyl-pyrrohdinone [88-12-0] and vinyl acetate [108-05-4] (42). They can also be used as curing agents for unsaturated polyesters (43). 

Another specialty area is coil coating, which involves coating metal coils by continuous operation. Modern roller systems afford speeds of up to 200 m/min. Most coils are made of cold-rolled and surface treated steel, aluminum, or alloys of the latter with manganese or magnesium. Coating systems are based on alkyd or acrylic resins, oil-free polyester, silicone-modified polyester or acrylic resin, poly(vinylidene fluoride), or poly(vinyl fluoride). Water-reducible systems, mainly based on acrylic resins, have been developed for aluminum as well as for steel coils [21-24], Drying is carried out by continuous operation in gas- or oil-heated multichamber ovens. 

Basic (Cationic) Dyes. The use of basic dyes is confined mainly to acrylic textile fibers, acetate, and as complementary dyes for acid-modified polyester libers that accept this class of dyes. 

The higher molecular-weight solid epoxy resins are used in formulations that usually consist of a resin, hardener, reinforcing filler, pigments, flow control agents, and other modifiers. In addition to using conventional hardeners in these formulations, epoxy resins can also be hardened with other resins, ie, acrylics or polyesters. 

Both aqueous polymer-based systems (latex), made by emulsion or dispersion polymerization, and oil-modified alkyd resin-based systems are still in wide use [781], Table 12.2 shows the composition of a typical water-based emulsion paint. There is a wide variety of coatings, ranging from broad applicability to highly specialized, including latexes, amino resins, isocyanates, epoxy resins, acrylic resins, polyester... 

The most successful approach for flame-retarding acrylic fibres is to copolymerise halogen-containing monomers into the fibre. These modacrylic fibres have excellent permanent flame retardancy and acceptable fibre properties. Some problems including reproducibility of dyeing gave rise to their substitution by flame-retardant modified polyester, for example for curtain fabrics and other decorative textiles. 

Appliance finishes have been formulated and tested by using acrylic or polyester modified urethanes that can cure to a suitable hardness in 10 min at 150 °F and cure to an ultimate hardness of 2H in 168 h (43). 

Chem. Descrip. Sol n. of an acrylic functional, polyester modified dimeth-ylpolysiloxane in xylene... 

Chem. Descrip. 2,4-Bis (2,4-dimethylphenyl)-6-(2-hydroxy-4-isooctyloxyphenyl)-1,3,5-triazine (50%) in n-butyl acetate Uses UV absorber for high-solids coatings, waterborne coatings, coil coatings, pigmented base coats, clear coats at lower loadings, acrylic melamines, acrylic and polyester urethanes, silane-modified acrylics, epoxy acids... 

Chem. Descrip. Modified polyester acrylate oligomer Uses Polyester-acrylic for use in UV and EB curable clear overprint varnishes, clear coatings for wood, paper, and plastics, top coats for wood, flexographic inks, screen inks and coatings, wood fillers, other high gloss coatings... 

Chem. Descrip. Fatty acid modified polyester Uses Emulsifier, stabilizer for pigments and colorants in decorative paints activator for bentonites and associative/acrylic thickeners Features Max. color development of the cotorant higher pigment loading optimum color acceptance of the colorants in the ba paints Properties Dark brn. liq. dens. 0.95-1.05 g/cm (20 C) add no. 20-30 amine no. 30-40 100% act. 

Chem. Descrip. Ester modified polyether oligomer Uses Texturizerfor powd. coatings, epoxies, acrylics, and polyesters Properties Free-flowing wh. powd. sp.gr. 1.10 m.p. 120 C 100% act. 98% NV... 

Chem. Descrip. Amide modified polyether oligomer Uses Flow aid, leveling agent for epoxy, acrylic, and polyester powd. coatings... 

Uses Surf, modifier, additive improving mech. props, in powd. coatings based on acrylics and polyester/acrylic hybrids Features Easy to disperse... 

Synthetic fibers do not contain natural impurities although there are added impurities such as sizing materials and oil stains. Therefore, their pretreatment process is simpler than other natural fibers. However, synthetic fibers such as polyester and acrylic have poor wettability, dyeability, and antistatic behavior. After plasma treatment, the fiber surface gets physically altered, and hydrophilic functional groups are introduced to the fiber surface, which improves the wettability of the fiber significantly. In recent years, many researchers have studied ways to modify polyester textile materials, and good results have been obtained (Morent et al., 2008). 

It can be concluded that the beverage can coating is a methyl melhacrylate/eth-ylhexyl acrylate copolymer modified polyester. The polyester is an adipic acid-modified neopentyl glycol iso-/orthophthalic acid type. The electrical appliance coating is a butylated amino resin cross-linked pentaerythritol-orlhophthalic thermosetting alkyd enamel. 

Infrared spectroscopy is used in the paint industry for quality control, product improvement and failure analysis, and for forensic identification purposes [8, 18-21], Paints are mainly comprised of polymeric binders and pigments in a dispersive medium. The binders are commonly alkyds (oil-modified polyesters), acrylics and vinyl polymers. Titanium oxide is the most commonly used pigment, while water or organic solvents are used as the medium. Paints may also contain other additives such as fillers (e.g. calcium carbonate) and stabilizers (e.g. lead oxide). 

Basic Dyes for Acrylic and Certain Modified Polyesters... 

Kou et al., reported using a hyperbranched acrylated aromatic polyester as a modifier in UV eurable epoxyacrylate resin. The material is compatible with the epoxy-acrylate resins. They found that the photopolymerization rate of the resin is promoted by this modifier. Also, the shrinkage of the resin was redueed. At the same time, the tensile, flexmal, compressive strength, and thermal properties of the ultraviolet light eured films are greatly improved. 

Suggested adhesives include modified acrylics, epoxies, polyesters, resorcinol-formaldehyde, furane, phenol-formaldehyde, polyvinyl formal-phenolic, polyvinyl butyral, nitrile rubber-phenolic, polyisobutylene rubber, polyurethane rubber, reclaimed rubber, melamine-formaldehyde, epoxy-phenolic, and cyanoacrylates. For maximum adhesion primers should be used. Nitrile-phenoUcs give excellent bonds if cured under pressure at temperatures of 149 C. Lower-strength bonds are obtained with most rubber-based adhesives. 

The thermal stability of composites containing natural fibres may also depend on the nature of the matrix. In the case of composites containing unsaturated polyester or unsaturated polyester modified with acrylic acid reinforced with jute fibres it was shown that the composites with modified polyester matrix were more resistant to temperature than the ones with unmodified polyester matrix. The reason for this enhanced thermal stability was the presence of acrylic acid as modifier [45]. 

Synthetic fiber (man-made fiber) n. A class name for various fibers (including filaments), distinguished from natural fibers such as wool and cotton, produced from fiber-forming substances which may be (1) Modified or transformed natural polymer, e.g., alginic and cellulose-based fibers such as acetates and rayon s. (2) Polymers synthesized from chemical compounds, e.g., acrylic, nylon, polyester, polyurethane, polyethylene, polyvinyl, and carbon/graphite fibers. (3) Fibers of mineral origin, e.g., glass, quartz, boron, and alumina. 

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