Paint properties

The pigment phase holds potential for manipulation of the paint properties. For example, in antifouling paints, seawater-soluble pigments play an active role in the paint behaviour (see e.g. Kiil et al., 2002 and later sections on mechanisms). Extenders (fillers) are coarse particles (e.g. natural limestone or clay). They are cheap and added for economic reasons, but also provide strength and resistance to the paint. 

Additives are present in a paint in small amounts (typically less than 5 wt %), but can have a marked effect on the paint properties. They include antifoam, antisettling, and antiskinning agents, can-corrosion inhibitors, driers, dispersion aids, and many more. Details of these can be found in many books (e.g. Lamboume and Strivens, 1999). 

In principle the three main constituents mentioned above form an antifouling paint product. However, a number of other paint properties have to be fulfilled as well. 

Intumescent types of nonaqueous coatings have been produced containing an amine aldehyde resin, ammonium salt of polyhydric acid, and pigments, with an appropriate binder. This type of coating possesses excellent fire and flame resistance and good paint properties. There are probably other types of intumescent paints, but their exact composition is not available. 

Coating should be flexible, water-resistant and noncorrosive and exhibit other satisfactory paint properties to enable its use on aircraft. 

Binders or organic vehicles to hold ingredients together and offer the paint properties required, such as resins and latexes. 

Parylene N to smooth surface materials has been reported with the application of plasma depositions [13,14]. It was reported that excellent adhesion of Parylene C coating to a cold-rolled steel surface was achieved using plasma polymer coatings, in turn giving rise to corrosion protection of the metal [15]. Another major deficiency of Parylene C is its poor painting properties when paint is applied on a Parylene C film, due to its extremely hydrophobic surface. Because of this, surface modification of Parylene films is necessary to enhance their adhesion performance with spray primers. 

Plasma treatment of Parylene C films has proved to be very effective in improving the painting properties of Parylene C polymers with respect to a solvent-borne primer as described above. The similar effect of LPCAT plasma treatment on the adhesion of Parylene C polymer to water-borne primer (44-GN-36, Deft Corp.) was also observed. Table 30.3 summarizes the tape test results for the Deft primer coatings on Parylene C surfaces treated by LPCAT under different plasma conditions. 

TABLE 7.7 Comparative Paint Properties at Low and High Pigment Volume Concentrations (PVC)... 

Technology of the Cellulose Ethers in Latex Paints. Earlier in the discussion, the basic functions of these polymers in water-based coatings were briefly described. This section will describe some of the structural parameters of these ethers, and their influence on several important latex paint properties will be illustrated with Natrosol (hydroxyethyl)cellulose. 

Table XIII. Effect of Natrosol Molecular Weight on Paint Properties...

Paint rheology may also be changed by varying other formulation ingredients however, possible changes in other paint properties may result. 

The use of rheology additives such as clays, plant exudates and natural polymers to formulate paints dates back to ancient times. These materials are used to thicken the fluid, suspend dispersions of additives in the fluid and improve the stability of the ensuing dispersion as a function of temperature and shear history. This paper classifies cellulosic rheology modifiers with respect to their influence on paint properties related to rheological profiles. 

This subdivision is by no means exhaustive. Individual products cannot always be assigned to one of these groups because one additive may simultaneously influence a combination of paint properties. Additionally it is sometimes difficult to draw the line between additives and other paint ingredients (e.g., resins, pigments, extenders, and solvents) when these materials are used in an additive-like manner. 

Paints have widely differing viscosities that depend on their application conditions low-viscosity paints are processed by dipping and spraying methods, while high-viscosity paints are used in casting, rolling, and hot-spraying methods. The correct choice of solvents serves to optimize the paint properties [14.200], [14.201]. 

F.B. Stieg, Influence of PVC [pigment volume concentration] on paint properties. Prog. Org. Coat. 

Chem. Descrip. Thermoplastic acrylic colloidal disp. based on BA/MMA Uses Actyiic for craft paints Properties MFT < 0 C Tg 5 C 21% solids AcryGen 15120 [OMNOVA Sol ns.j Chem. Descrip. Acrylic emulsion Uses Acrylic for paper coatings, saturation, textile coatings Features Self-crosslinking Properties MFT 5 C Tg 17 C 45% solids AcryGen 37170 [OMNOVA Sol ns.j... 

Uses Dispersant for org./inorg. pigments/extenders in waterborne all d-and acrylic paints, e.g., gloss and silk finish emulsion paints Features Permits prod, of emission-free paints Properties Lt. brn. clear liq. dens. = 1.05 g/cm (20 C) dynamic vise. 

Chem. Descrip. Oil-dual hydrophobe Uses Defoamer in flat and semigloss latex paints Properties Sp.gr. 0.89 vise. 1100 cps Advawax 240 [Rohm Haas/Plastics Addit.]... 

Chem. Descrip. Sodium aluminum silicate CAS 1344-00-9 EINECS/ELINCS 215-684-8 Uses Pigment for interior and exterior emulsion paints, trade paints Properties Wh. free-flowing powd. odorless suti. area 90 brightness 97 pH 10 Use Levei Up to 20%... 

Chem. Descrip. Methylalkyl polysiloxane sol n. in naphtha Uses Defoamer for org. systems improves mar resistance and leveling in air-dry and baking enamels, acid-curing systems, polyurethane and nitrocellulose lacquers, solv.-based industrial paints Properties Sp.gr. 0.87-0.90 g/cc dens. 7.36 Ib/gal flash pt. (Seta) 45 C ... 

Uses Defoamer, siip agent, and ieveiing a nt in high soiids systems, soiv.-based systems, printing inks, paints Properties Sp.gr. 0.89-0.92 cc dens. 7.53 ib/gai flash pt. (Seta) > 66 C >98%NV... 

Uses Gloss aid, hardener, adhesion promoter in wood lacquers, paper varnishes, printing ink, adhesives, and industrial paints Properties Wh. powd. sp.gr. 1.13-1.14 g/cm m.p. 92-108 C acid no. < 0.3 100% solids CA-5 [U.S. Gypsum]... 

Chem. Descrip. Aminoethyi taii oii imidazoiine Uses intermediate for prod, of fiim-forming corrosion inhibitors in automatic carwash rinse aids, oii fieid appiics. pigment dispersant for paints Properties Dark amber vise, iiq. amphoteric 100% cone. 

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