Substrate adhesion

Carpick et al [M] used AFM, with a Pt-coated tip on a mica substrate in ultraliigh vacuum, to show that if the defonnation of the substrate and the tip-substrate adhesion are taken into account (the so-called JKR model [175] of elastic adliesive contact), then the frictional force is indeed proportional to the contact area between tip and sample. Flowever, under these smgle-asperity conditions, Amontons law does not hold, since the statistical effect of more asperities coming into play no longer occurs, and the contact area is not simply proportional to the applied load. 

Of practical interest are detailed studies to influence the magnetooptical properties of RE-TM materials by the substrate material and the substrate adhesion of RE-TM layers by the selected deposition technique (226). Accordingly, measurements have been performed on glass, BPA-polycarbonate, and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (as a flexible substrate). 

Concurrent bombardment during film growth affects film properties such as the film—substrate adhesion, density, surface area, porosity, surface coverage, residual film stress, index of refraction, and electrical resistivity. In reactive ion plating, the use of concurrent bombardment allows the deposition of stoichiometric, high density films of compounds such as TiN, ZrN, and Zr02 at low substrate temperatures. 

Adhesion the degree of attachment between a paint or varnish film and the underlying material with which it is in contact. The latter may be another film of paint (adhesion between one coat and another) or any other material such as wood, metal, plaster, etc. (adhesion between a coat of paint and its substrate). Adhesion should not be confused with cohesion (. v.). 

J. P. (2008) Effect of substrate adhesion and hydrophobidty on hydrogel friction. Soft Matter, 4, 1033-1040. 

The companion paper (6) discusses the practical consequences of this reaction and other unique features of the chemistry of 1 and 2 on copolymer crosslinking (efficiency, rate and pot life) and substrate adhesion. 

Post-crosslinkable and substrate reactive polymers are widely used to Improve water and solvent resistance, strength, substrate adhesion and block resistance In binders, adhesives and coatings. The surprisingly rich chemistry of a new class of functional monomers (eg. 1 and 2) related to standard amide/aldehyde (amlnoplast) condensates, but which eliminate aldehyde emissions, was elucidated by monomeric model and mechanistic studies and discussed In the preceeding paper (1). Results with these monomers In copolymer systems are reported here. 

Figure 2.39 Schematic illustration of cell-cell and cell-substrate adhesion. Reprinted, by permission, from BiophysicalJournal, 45, 1051. Copyright 1984 by the Biophysical Society.

The type of adhesion dealt with in the examples in the second paragraph above and Fig. 1 is mechanical or structural while for the lithographic resist adhesion requirements described in this paper a more practical definition of adhesion, one first proposed by Mittal [16], is being referenced and used. Resist patterning layer-substrate adhesion is required only to process or pattern a particular device layer. After the circuit layer is patterned, the resist layer is removed and does not become an integral part of the circuit, as opposed to a PI interlevel metal dielectric layer which does. As such, it is not required to possess high mechanical adhesion strength. In fact, the resist layer must be quantitatively removed after the circuit required layer has been patterned. If the resist layer adheres too well and becomes difficult to remove, it actually interferes with successful circuit fabrication. 

Davis GE. The Mac-1 and pl50,95 beta 2 integrins bind denatured proteins to mediate leukocyte cell-substrate adhesion. Experimental Cell Research 1992, 200, 242-252. 

Johansson S, Hook M. Substrate adhesion of rat hepatocytes on the mechanism of attachment of fibronectin. J Cell Biol 1984 98 810-817. 

When mixed with the adhesive, the adhesion promoter is capable of migrating to the interface and reacting with the substrate surface as the adhesive cures. When applied directly to the substrate, adhesion promoters are used as a very thin coating that ideally is only one molecular layer thick. 

Accelerates peroxide and air-based cures (e.g., polyester SMC/BMC) adhesion promoter and primer for organic substrates Adhesion promoter for printing inks on treated polyolefin films Comparable to organosilanes at lower cost Adhesion promoters and primers for treated polyolefins... 

Hydrolysis of some chemical bonds breaking of bonds within the adhesive molecule and at the substrate-adhesive interface... 

Novel terpolymer compositions containing 4-(di-trifluoromethyl-hydroxymethyl)-1-(di-trifluoromethy)methyl)cyclohexyl] vinylsulfonate have been prepared having excellent transparency, substrate adhesion, and plasma etching resistance. The introduction of perfluoronorbornene resulted polymers that were especially suitable for deep UV lithography. 

D.S. Rickerby, A Review of the Methods for the Measurement of Coating/Substrate Adhesion, Surface and Coatings Technology, Vol.36,1988, p.541. 

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