Textiles Raw Materials

Until the Four Year Plan began, Germany had imported 700,-000,000 Reichsmarks worth of cotton, wool, and other raw textiles every year. But in 1937, Farben s production of staple fibers reached such gigantic figures that the Vorstand could predict their 1938 achievement — more than half of Germany s textile raw materials. 

China s textile raw material needs by 1985 will amount to at least 4.26 million M.T. In synthetics, China is committed to developing polyester fibers as its primary manufacture, with output for 1985 targeted at 1.5 MMT (equivalent to the 1979 Japanese level of synthetic production. The present Chinese output is only 326,000 M.T.) Limited quantities of nylon, polypropylene, vinylon, acrylic and polyester fibers are already produced. 

Sodium peroxide is mainly used for bleaching of paper and textile raw materials and competes thereby with sodium hydroxide/hydrogen peroxide. 

Schlomann, Alfred, ed., The Textile Raw Materials, Schlomann-Oldenbourg Series... 

However, even if our contemporary society tends to dispose of end-of-life materials, and even if synthetic fibres seem to provide an abundance of textile raw materials, textile recycling remains a current necessity. The ways of recycling... 

Application of flax fibre in textiles cover both the clothing and non-clothing sectors. Flax is a well-known textile raw material used for exclusive and healthy clothing, woven and knitted. The non-clothing textile sector covers mainly table, bed linen and curtain fabrics. Some textiles may need fire retardant treatment. Fortunately cellulosic fibres, contrary to common belief, are quite safe in this respect as compared to other polymers (Figs. 2.7 and 2.8). Flax production and processing is the source of valuable by-products such as seeds, shive and waste fibres. 

Source Institute of Natural Fibres, Poland, Department of Textile Raw Materials and Products Metrology. 

Rissanen, M. (ed), TekstiiUraaka-aineet. Luonnonkuidut (Textile Raw Materials. Natural fibres). Tampere, March, 2002, p. 20. 

Near-infrared reflectance analysis is a useful technique for characterizing textile raw materials, fiber, yarns, and fabrics. It is a nondestructive quantitative analysis that is simple to use and allows rapid testing of the sample. Its ability to measure multiple components of the sample simultaneously and eliminate extensive sample preparation are major advantages of NIRA in the characterization of textile materials. Many innovative mathematical treatments, for example, discriminant analysis and spectral reconstruction, have been developed by instrument manufactures and software companies. These instruments not only aid in the quantitative analysis of the data but also allow morphological investigations of fibers and yarns and rapid, qualitative identification of specific sample sets. 

NIRS has been used for qualitative identification of textile fibres, polymer microstructure and composition studies, determination of finishes on textile fibres and colour deviations in dye batches. As shown in Table 1.18, near-infrared reflectance analysis (NIRA) is useful for characterising textile raw materials, fibres, yarns, and fabrics and is an excellent means to obtain real-time process/product information in textile manufacturing [312]. The nondestructive quantitative analysis is simple to use and... 

Only the textile raw materials wool and cotton are washed. Cotton is washed only if dry cleaning is not sufficient, which is very rare. On the other hand, extensive washing plants are necessary for wool (see Section 9.1.3). 

These legal stipulations presented completely new challenges for the disposal of used textile raw materials without depreciation. 

Figure 13.16 Heat values for textile raw materials and fossil fuels...

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