Jute fibre

The individual cells of jute are very short. Table 1.11 compares the dimension of ultimate from several sources. The cross-section of jute fibre is polygonal, usually with five or six sides. It has thick walls and a broad lumen of oval cross-section. By contrast with the regular lumen of flax, that of jute is irregular it becomes narrow in plaees quite suddenly. The lengths of various vegetable fibres varies considerably, whereas the diameter is moderately constant from fibre to fibre. 

Apart from natural impurities, jute yams or fabrics contain mineral oil/jute batching oil (JBO), which is added to facilitate spinning of jute fibre. The JBO has a delustering effect and also contributes additional yellowing on exposure to light. 

A two step process [127] based on the preferential removal of lignin from the surface of jute fibres has been developed. In the first step the fabric is treated with either moist chlorine gas and aqueous chlorine solution or with an aqueous solution of hypochlorous acid at pH 6 and containing available chlorine equivalent to 5-10% (o.w.f). In the second step, the treated fabric is extracted with an aqueous solution of at least one compound selected from sodium hydroxide, phosphates, and sulphites an equivalent to 5-10% (o.w.f.). Finally, the fabric is washed, and is bleached by the conventional H Oj and/or hypochlorite method. 

Jute fibres are similar in appearance to flax and hemp but are characterized by the irregularity of the lumen. This is caused by variations of the... 

Plackett D, Andersen TL, Pedersen WB, Nielsen L (2003) Biodegradable composites based on L-polylactide and jute fibres. Compos Sci Technol 63(9) 1287-1296 Sebastien F, Stephane G, Copinet A, Coma V (2006) Novel biodegradable films made from chitosan and poly(lactic acid) with antifungal properties against mycotoxinogen strains. Carbohydr Polym 65(2) 185-193... 

B.S. Kaith, A.S. Singha, S.K. Gupta, G.S. Chauhan, and S.S. Bhatt, "Modification of Jute fibres by graft copolymerisation with MMA using CAN as redox-initiator" Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference and Exhibition [Petrotech-99], New Delhi, 1999. 

This is equivalent to a gain in weight of 44 per cent, for the tri- nitrate, and 58 per cent, for the tetra-nitrate. The formation of the tetra-nitrate appears to be the limit of nitration of jute fibre. Messrs Cross and Bevan say, "In other words, if we represent the ligno-cellulose molecule by a C 12 formula, it will contain four hydroxyl (OH) groups, or two less than cellulose similarly represented." It contains 11.5 per cent, of nitrogen. The jute nitrates resemble those of cellulose, and are in all essential points nitrates of ligno-cellulose. 

C 12 H 16 0 5 (0N0 2 ) 5 ). The Chemiker Zeitung, xxi., p. 163, contains a further paper by Miihlhausen on the explosive nitro-jute. After purifying the jute-fibre by boiling it with a 1 per cent, solution of sodium carbonate, and washing with water, he treated 1 part of the purified jute with 15 parts of nitro-sulphuric acid, and obtained the following results with different proportions of nitric to sulphuric acids -... 

Jawald, M., Khalil, H. P. S. A., Abu Bakar, A. (2010). Mechanical performance of oil palm empty fruit bunches/jute fibres reinforced epoxy hybrid composites, Mo ej c igL nict Jfater r2j ... 

Over the last two decades, much research has been conducted on xylanases due to their potential application in the pulp, paper and fibre-processing industries. In the jute fibre industry, the xylanase pre-treatment of low grade fibres before milling may be an alternative to conventional chemical softening because the former enables the selective removal ofxylan, which is assumed to be an economic and environmentally safe process. Jute fibre is a natural biodegradable product and could replace the usage of plastics and synthetic fibres (26). 

Basu, D. Banerjee, A.N. Misra, A. (1992). Comparative Rheological Studies on Jute-Fibre-and Glass-Fibre-Filled Polypropylene Composite Melts. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol.46, No.ll, pp. 1999-2009 ISSN 0021-8995 Bigg, D.M (1982). Rheological Analysis of Highly Loaded Polymeric Composites Filled with Non-Agglomerating Spherical Filler Particles. Polymer Engineering and Science, Vol.22, No.8, p>p. 512-518 ISSN 0032-3888... 

Plackett, D., Logstrup Andersen, X, Batsbeig Pedersen, W. and Nielsen, L. (2003) Biodegradable composites based on 1-polylactide, and jute fibres. Composites Science and Technology, 63, 1287-1296. 

Macromolecular Reports A31,Nos.3 4, 1994,p.261-70 APPLICATION OF FTIR PHOTOACOUSTIC SPECTROSCOPY IN THE DETERMINATION OF THE LEVEL OF CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF JUTE FIBRES... 

Two types of environmentally friendly jute fibre reinforced green composites have been studied. These are based on Mesua ferrea L. seed oil-based poly(urethane ester) and poly(urethane amide) resin blends with commercially available partially butylated melamine-formaldehyde and epoxy resins by solution impregnation and hot-curing methods. The composites were cured at a temperature of about 130-140°C under a pressure of 35.5 kg cm for around 2 h.The physical, mechanical and chemical properties of the epoxy-modified polyurethane composites were better than those of the MF-modified composites. They also possessed excellent chemical resistance and hydrolytic stability in water, acid and salt solutions, making them useful for low load-bearing applications. 

Compare the performance of the following vegetable oil-based polymer composite systems (i) Mesua ferrrea L. seed oil-based polyurethane resin with jute fibre and (ii) linseed oil-based polyurethane with jute fibre. 

Details of vegetable oil-based polymers conventional composites have been discussed in an earlier chapter. In this chapter, nanocomposites of vegetable oil-based polymers are discussed. Certain questions arise as to how much difference there is between these composites. The questions are significant when the same reinforcing agent is used in both cases. As an example, a vegetable oil-based polyurethane with alkali-treated chopped jute fibres in a conventional composite and cellulose nanofibres (obtained from jute fibres) in a vegetable oil-based polymer nanocomposite are discussed. The... 

Liu, L., Yu, J., Cheng, L., and Yang, X. (2009) Biodegradability of poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) composite reinforced with jute fibre. Polym. Degrad. Stab., 94 (1), 90-94. 

Short fibres of glass, rayon, aramid, asbestos and cellulose as reinforcing fillers, have been broadly used in rubber industries due to their high modulus, high strength and low creep. In recent years especially, natural fibres such as jute fibre, cellulose fibre, " coir fibre," " sisal fibre," " etc. have been also widely used in NR composites because they are enviromnental friendly, cheap, abundant and renewable. However, natural fibres also have some disadvantages such as moisture absorption, quality variations, low thermal stability and poor compatibility with the hydrophobic polymer matrix. 

The natural raw material such as sugar cane leave, bagasse, oil palm ash, palm fibre, coir fibre, coconut fibre and jute fibre are treated with NaOH, H2O2, H2SO4/HCI or HCIO4. 

Nanocellulose jute fibre (5-40 nm) No coupling agent Abraham et al., 2012 ... 

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