Polyester urethanes

Polyester-silicone Polyesters, thermoplastic Polyesters, unsaturated Polyester urethanes Polyester-wool blends Polyether antibiotics Polyether carboi lates Polyether elastomers... 

Urethane grouts Urethane industry Urethane linkages Urethane plastisol Urethane polyesters Urethane polymers... 

Polymers. AH nitro alcohols are sources of formaldehyde for cross-linking in polymers of urea, melamine, phenols, resorcinol, etc (see Amino RESINS AND PLASTICS). Nitrodiols and 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitro-l,3-propanediol can be used as polyols to form polyester or polyurethane products (see Polyesters Urethane polymers). 2-Methyl-2-nitro-l-propanol is used in tires to promote the adhesion of mbber to tire cord (qv). Nitro alcohols are used as hardening agents in photographic processes, and 2-hydroxymethyl-2-nitro-l,3-propanediol is a cross-linking agent for starch adhesives, polyamides, urea resins, or wool, and in tanning operations (17—25). Wrinkle-resistant fabric with reduced free formaldehyde content is obtained by treatment with... 

The distribution of powder coating sales by resin type for various geographical areas is given in Table 5. The polyester—epoxy hybrids account for 50% of the European market, yet have only market share <25% in the rest of the world. Similarly, the polyester urethanes, which account for only a small market share in Europe, find significant usage in the United States andjapan. AcryUcs hold a significant share only in the Japanese market. 

Practical methods for synthesis and elucidation of the optimum physical forms were developed at Du Pont (13). The violets fill the void in the color gamut when the inorganics are inadequate. The quinacridones may be used in most resins except polymers such as nylon-6,6, polystyrene, and ABS. They are stable up to 275°C and show excellent weatherabiUty. One use is to shade phthalocyanines to match Indanthrone Blue. In carpeting, the quinacridones are recommended for polypropylene, acrylonitrile, polyester, and nylon-6 filaments. Predispersions in plastici2ers ate used in thermoset polyesters, urethanes, and epoxy resins (14). 

Schollenberger and Stewart studied the hydrolysis of various polyester urethanes by immersing the materials in water at 70°C for several weeks and measuring the tensile properties. The data are shown in Table 6 [89]. The urethane... 

Hillshafer et al. reported that aromatic polyester urethanes based on orthoph-thalic anhydride had better hydrolysis resistance than polycaprolactone urethanes, despite high acid numbers [91]. 

De Groot JH, de Vrijer R, Pennings AJ, Klompmaker J, Veth RPH, and Jansen HWB. Use of porous polyurethanes for meniscal reconstruchon and meniscal prosthesis. Biomaterials, 1996, 17, 163-174. Borkerhagen M, Stoh RC, Neuenschwander P, Suter UW, and Aebischer P. In vivo performance of a new biodegradable polyester urethane system used as a nerve guidance channel. Biomaterials, 1998, 19, 2155-2165. 

Saad B, Hirt TD, Weld M, Uhlschmid GK, Neuenschwander P, and Suter UW. Development of degradable polyester urethanes for medical apphcations. J Biomed Mater Res, 1997, 36, 65-74. 

Borkerhagen M, Stoh RC, Neuenschwander P, Suter UW, and Aebischer P. In vivo performance of a new biodegradable polyester urethane system used as a nerve guidance channel. Biomaterials, 1998, 19, 2155-2165. 

NR, styrene-butadiene mbber (SBR), polybutadiene rubber, nitrile mbber, acrylic copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer, and A-B-A type block copolymer with conjugated dienes have been used to prepare pressure-sensitive adhesives by EB radiation [116-126]. It is not necessary to heat up the sample to join the elastomeric joints. This has only been possible due to cross-linking procedure by EB irradiation [127]. Polyfunctional acrylates, tackifier resin, and other additives have also been used to improve adhesive properties. Sasaki et al. [128] have studied the EB radiation-curable pressure-sensitive adhesives from dimer acid-based polyester urethane diacrylate with various methacrylate monomers. Acrylamide has been polymerized in the intercalation space of montmorillonite using an EB. The polymerization condition has been studied using a statistical method. The product shows a good water adsorption and retention capacity [129]. 

The anionic method of polymerization is most useful for the synthesis of low molecular weight hydroxy-terminated oligomers and polymers that are to be further processed. For example, the treatment of hydroxy-terminated oligomers with isocyanates has been used to obtain polyester-urethanes (9,20), while triblock copolymers (PCL-PEG-PCL) are prepared by initiating the polymerization of e-caprolactone with the disodium alcoholate from polyethylene glycol (26). 

II. B polyethylene glycol, ethylene oxide, polystyrene, diisocyanates (urethanes), polyvinylchloride, chloroprene, THF, diglycolide, dilac-tide, <5-valerolactone, substituted e-caprolactones, 4-vinyl anisole, styrene, methyl methacrylate, and vinyl acetate. In addition to these species, many copolymers have been prepared from oligomers of PCL. In particular, a variety of polyester-urethanes have been synthesized from hydroxy-terminated PCL, some of which have achieved commercial status (9). Graft copolymers with acrylic acid, acrylonitrile, and styrene have been prepared using PCL as the backbone polymer (60). 

Figure 15. HPGPC chromatograms (DRl traces) of polyester urethane...

Elastomeric fibres based upon both polyester-urethane and polyether-urethane structures followed. The early work by Bayer led to the use of highly polar solvents such as dimethyl formamide. Formation of fibres by reactive spinning, where the isocyanate-ended polymer is extruded into an aqueous solution of a chain-coupling agent, was described in 1949 [75] and by dry-spinning a solution of the chain-coupled polymer in 1951 [76], However, Bayer did not immediately use their technology to produce commercial fibres [77],... 

Oil-Based SINs. The SINs produced were based on a castor oil polyester-urethane and styrene crosslinked with 1 mole percent of technical grade (55%) divinyl benzene (DVB) (7). This structure may be written poly[(castor oil, sebacic acid, TDI)-SIN-(Styfene, DVB)], poly[(CO,SA,TDI)-SIN-(S,DVB)]. Benzoyl peroxide (BP) (0.48%) was used as the free radical initiator for the styrene and 1,4-tolylene-diisocyanate (TDI) was used as the crosslinker for the polyester prepolymer. A 500 ml resin kettle equipped with a N inlet, condenser, thermometer, and high torque stirrer was used as the polymerization reactor. 

PBX-9011-02 HMX 90 Sc Estane (Trademark of B.F, Goodrich Chemical Co for polyester urethane of adipic acid 1,4-butanediol, diphenyl methane diisocyanate) 10%... 

Storey, R.F., Wiggins, J.S., Mauritz, K.A., and Puckett, A.D., Bioabsorbable composites. II Nontoxic, L-lysinebased (polyester-urethane) matrix composites. Polymer Composites 14 17, 1993. 

Note LX-Q4-1 consists of HMX 85 Viton A (Vinylidene fluoride hexafluoropropylene copolymer) 14%. PBX 9404 HMX 94, NC 3 CEF (Tris-/3-chloroethylphosphate) 3%-PBX 9011 HMX 90 Estane (Polyester urethane of adipic acid 1,4-butanediol-diphenylmethane diisocyanate) 10%. RX-08 AZ HMX 80, FEFO (Fluorodinitro-ethyl formal) 13—16 Polyester 3—6%... 

BRL-l.NC-polyester urethane, high performance solid proplnt system described by Davis Lenk (Ref)... 

Polyethers are not as tough as polyester urethanes. They do, however, provide a far greater degree of hydrolysis resistance as a result of the presence of an ether group instead of an ester grouping in the backbone. 

A = Polyester-urethane B = Fluorinated polyacrylate C = Polyether urethane D = Anhydride cured epoxy 1 E = Anhydride cured epoxy 2 F = One-component epoxy 1 ... 

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