Acetals ethers

Glycols undergo reactions common to monohydric alcohols forming esters, acetals, ethers, and similar products. Eor example, both simple and polyesters are produced by reaction with mono- or dibasic acids (eqs. 1 and 2) ... 

Derivatives of hemicellulose components have properties similar to the ceUulosic equivalents but modified by the effects of thek lower molecular weight, more extensive branching, labile constituents, and more heterogeneous nature. Acetates, ethers, carboxymethylxylan (184), and xylan—poly(sodium acrylate) (185) have been prepared. 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms Acetic acid, ethyl ester. Acetic ester. Acetic ether. Ethyl ethanoate Chemical Formula CHjCOOCHjCHj... 

The preaenoc uf phetlaiidrene waa proved by ihu nitrite, whose ineliing-ponil 102°. after recrystaJlisalioQ from acetic ether aud cold methyl alcohol, rose to 103° to 104°. tan) — + 11" 39 in chlotolorni solution. 

The oryatallised leltabromide was lorraed in the usual way with the portion distilling I75 to 177° C., and these crystals, when purified to constant melting-point with acetic ether, melted at 104 to 105 C. From the physical properties of the several fractions it may bo assumed that nearly the whole of the terpaue present was lacvo-llmonene, and that the oil contained about 60 per cent, of that tcrpeQc. 

Nitroso-pinene may be prepared for identification purposes as follows To a solution of 12 grams of sodium in 30 c.c. of 90 per cent, alcohol, 100 grams of pinene-nitrosochloride are added. The mixture is boiled on a water-bath, under a reflux condenser, until the reaction is complete. Water is added, the-clear solution filtered from insoluble impurities, and the filtrate poured into excess of acetic acid. The nitroso-pinene separates as an oil which solidifies to a yellowish mass in a few days. This is broken up, washed with water, and dried on a porous plate. It can be recrystallised from acetic ether, when it is obtained in the pure condition, and then melts at 132°. 

For the identification of limonene, one of the most useful compounds is the crystalline tetrabromide, Cj(,HjgBr. This body is best prepared as follows the fraction of the oil containing much limonene is mixed with four times its volume of glacial acetic acid, and the mixture cooled in ice. Bromine is then added, drop by drop, so long as it becomes decolorised at once. The mixture is then allowed to stand until crystals separate. These are filtered off, pressed between porous paper, and recrystallised from acetic ether. Limonene tetrabromide melts at 104 5° and is optically active, its specific rotation being + 73 3°. The inactive, or dipeutene, tetrabromide melts at 124° to 125°. In the preparation of the tetrabromide traces of moisture are advisable, as the use of absolutely anhydrous material renders the compound very diflftcult to crystallise. 

Zingiberene also forms a nitrosate, C,5H24. N2O4, when the sesquiterpene dissolved in an equal volume of glacial acetic acid, is cooled to 0°, and ethyl nitrite, and then nitric acid added. The nitrosate is dissolved in acetic ether and precipitated with alcohol. It forms a yellow powder, melting with decomposition at 86°. 

Farnesal forms a semi-carbazone, which crystallises from acetic ether in fine flakes, which melt at 133° to 135°. This body is particularly useful for the identification of farnesol. 

Terpineol nitrosochloride, Cj Hj-OH. NOCl, is, perhaps, the most suitable derivative to prepare for the identification of terpineol. To a solution of 15 grams of terpineol in 15 c.c. of glacial acetic acid, 11 c.c. of ethyl nitrite are added. The mixture is cooled in ice, and 6 c.c. of hydrochloric acid mixed with 6 c.c. of glacial acetic acid are added drop by drop, with continual shaking. Care must be taken to avoid a rise in temperature. When the reaction is compdete, water is added to pjre-cipitate the nitrosochloride. The oily liquid soon solidifies and may be recrystallised from boiling acetic ether or from methyl alcohol. Ter-... 

In order to resolve the mixture melting at 135°, it should be dissolved in cold acetic ether to saturation, and allowed to stand so that the solvent evaporates very slowly. Two distinctly different forms of crystals separate which can be picked out and recrystallised separately, when the two semi-carbazones are obtained in a state of purity. 

Thujone is best identified by its tribromo-compound, CjflHjgBrgO, melting at 121° to 122°. It is obtained by adding 5 c.c. of bromine (at once) to a solution of 5 grams of thujone in 30 c.c. of petroleum ether. The tribromo-compound separates on evaporation of the solvent and is washed with alcohol and recrystallised from boiling acetic ether. 

Acetal ethers containing the trialkylstannyl group undergo the interesting rearrangement 77, catalysed by Ti(IV) compounds328. 

Only 10 out of the 70 molecules analyzed met all the requirements to blend successfully into diesel fuels. Of these molecules the most interesting ones seem to be acetals, ethers and esters. 

Synonyms Acetic acid, amyl ester Acetic acid, pentyl ester AI3-02729 rt-Amyl acetate Amyl acetate Amyl acetic ester Amyl acetic ether /r-Amyl ethanoate Banana oil Birnenoel BRN 1744753 Caswell No. 049A Chlordantoin EPA pesticide chemical code 000169 Holiday pet repellant Holiday repellant dust NSC 7923 Pear oil Pentacetate Pentacetate 28 1-Pentanol acetate 1-Pentyl acetate /3-Pentyl acetate Pentyl acetic ester /3-Pentyl ethanoate Primary amyl acetate UN 1104. 

Synonyms Acetic ether Acetic acid, ethyl ester Acetidin Acetoxyethane AI3-00404 Caswell No. 429 BRN 0506104 CCRIS 6036 EINECS 205-500-4 EPA pesticide chemical code 044003 EtAc Ethyl acetic, ester Ethyl ethanoate FEMA No. 2414 NSC 70930 RCRA waste number U112 UN 1173 Vinegar naphtha. 

Amresco acryl-40, see Acrylamide AMS, see a-Methylstyrene n-Amyl acetate, see Amyl acetate Amyl acetic ester, see Amyl acetate Amyl acetic ether, see Amyl acetate Amylene, see 1-Pentene a-n-Amylene, see 1-Pentene p-n-Amylene, see cis-2-Pentene cis-p-Amylene, see cis-2-Pentene frans-p-Amylene, see trans-2-Venlene sec-Amyl ethanoate, see Amyl acetate Amyl ethyl ketone, see 5-Methyl-3-heptanone Amyl hydride, see Pentane Amyl methyl ketone, see 2-Heptanone n-Amyl methyl ketone, see 2-Heptanone AN, see Acrylonitrile Anaesthetic ether, see Ethyl ether Anamenth, see Trichloroethylene Anduron, see Diuron Anesthenyl, see Methylal Anesthesia ether, see Ethyl ether Anesthetic ether, see Ethyl ether Anhydrous ammonia, see Ammonia Aniline oil, see Aniline Anilinobenzene, see 4-Aminobiphenyl Anilinomethane, see Methylaniline 2-Anidine, see o-Anisidine 4-Anisidine, see p-Anisidine 2-Anisylamine, see o-Anisidine... 

Synonyms Amyl acetic ether pentyl acetate... 

Synonyms Acetic ether ethyl acetic ester ethyl ethanoate... 

Ethyi acetate (acetic ether) 0 0 X X Fiydrauiic fluids ... 

Phthalate, Butyl Benzyl Butyl Benzyl Phthalate Phthalate, Dibutyl Dibutyl Phthalate, n Phthalate, Diethylhexyl Diethylhexyl Phthalate Phthalate, Dimethyl Dimethyl Phthalate Phthalate, Dioctyl Di-n-octyl Phthalate Vinyl Acetate Ethers Fluoride Ion Glycols... 

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