Containment Facilities

The selection of an appropriate laboratory or biosafety level for a particular type of work hinges on a number of factors. Some of the more important of these factors are the potency and stability of the toxin being handled, the virulence and pathogenicity of the infectious agents being handled, and the availability of protective vaccines or therapeutic measures. 

The United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare has developed a system for classifying toxins and other etiological agents on the basis of hazard. Depending on the level of hazard, the etiological agent can be placed in one of four biosafety levels. A brief description of these biosafety levels is given in Table 1. 

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Benson, C. H., Alternative earthen final covers (AEFCs) or ET Caps, Proceedings, Liners and Covers for Waste Containment Facilities, Atlanta, GA, November 2001, pp. 14-16. 

Containment also brings connotations of employing active and perhaps physical means of preventing escape as in the terms container or containment facility . This term might be most suitably used in the context of bioreactor facilities or self-contained, indoor research and development facilities. 

The most conservative and safest potent-compound containment strategy depends on the use of engineering controls in both the processing equipment and the manufacturing facility. Specific design features of a high-containment facility should include the following 46... 

Figure 17.2 Magnahelic gages measuring pressure differentials between rooms in a containment facility.

Marsh D, Marshal P. 2007. Assembling the appropriate expertise for contained facility design and implementation, presented at Containment of Potent Compounds, sponsored by Executive Conference Corp., January 25-26, 2007, Philadelphia, PA. 

In commercializing the use of pNB protection, Eli Lilly built a special containment facility in its Clinton, Illinois, Cephalexin plant in order to segregate the waste from removal of the pNB group for separate disposal. 

NPI-0052 is currently manufactured under cGMP through a robust saline fermentation process by S. tropica strain NPS21184. It was quite an effort to find the proper contract manufacturing organisations (CMOs) that would accept and adapt our saline fermentation process, developed in laboratory fermenters, to their industrial-scale production fermenters and also have the proper containment facility to handle the downstream processing (DSP) of the highly potent NPI-0052. 

The supply of latrines or excreta containment facilities must be sufficient to accommodate the entire population in need, with a maximum of 20 people per toilet (United Nations High Commission for Refugees, 1994). 

Nuclear Containment Facility General Level of Exposure During 40 yr Life ... 

Figure 49-3 Typical curve for PWR containment facilities showing temperature and pressure vs time. Chart by ANSI—see Reference 1.

Typical curve for BWR containment facilities showing temperature and pres-time. Chart by ANSI-see Reference 1. 

Observe normal precautions appropriate to the circumstances and quantity of material handled. Eye protection and gloves are recommended. Precautions should be taken to avoid inhalation of colloidal silicon dioxide. In the absence of suitable containment facilities, a dust mask should be worn when handling small quantities of material. For larger quantities, a dust respirator is recommended. 

B5 Manufacturer s Licence, GMP Certification and Certification of Dedicated and Self-contained Facilities ... 

Cell cultures should be handled aseptically, without antibiotics, and in contained facilities (BS level II). The basal culture medium used for the culture of 2.2.15 cells is RPMI-1640. FBS is added at either 2 or 4% final concentration, may be obtained from any reliable source, and need not be heat inactivated or lot tested. L-Glutamine is added to a final concentration of 4 mM. Complete culture medium can be stored at 4°C for up to 4 wk. Cells are grown and maintained at 37°C in a 5% C02 humidified atmosphere. 

Wastes in surface containment facilities, such as ponds, pits, and lagoons... 

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