Electrostatic ignition

If difficulties arise in the avoidance of electrostatic ignition sources, the advice of experts must be sought. 

Pratt, Thomas 1997. Electrostatic Ignition of Fires and Explosions. ... 

Health and Safety Executive, Electrostatic Ignition, Her Majesty s Stationery Office, London, 1982. 

Pratt, T. H., Electrostatic Ignition in Enriched Oxygen Atmospheres A Case History, Process Safety Prog., V. 12, No. 4, 1993, p. 203. 

Pratt, T. H. (1999) Electrostatic Ignitions of Fires and Explosions (AIChE). 

An electrostatic dust ignition can occur when the discharge releases sufficient thermal energy within a sufficiently short period of time and small volume to ignite the suspended dust. Electrostatic ignition is complicated by the fact that there are a number of distinct ESD mechanisms important in electrostatic hazards and hazard abatement (Glor, 1988). 

Selected aspects of safe practice in solids handling are covered below. For additional information, refer to the rules for plant safety prepared by the Expert Commission for Safety in the Swiss Chemical Industry (ESCIS, 1988). While making no mention of fluidization, this source provides many practical suggestions for the avoidance of electrostatic ignition risks in powder handling operations. 

General Design Methods To Prevent Electrostatic Ignitions... 

The special design features for preventing electrostatic ignitions are described in the following paragraphs. 

T. H. Pratt, Electrostatic Ignitions of Fires and Explosions (Marietta, GA Burgoyne, 1997). Recommended Practice on Static Electricity, NFPA 77-1972 (Boston National Fire Protection Association,... 

Regarding electrostatic ignition sources, see the subsection Static Electricity, later. In addition, see CENELEC CLC/TR 50404, Electrostatics—Code of Practice for the Avoidance of Hazards due to Static Electricity, June 2003. 

Pratt, Tom. 1 997. Electrostatic Ignitions ofEires and Explosion, AlChE, New York, 1997. 

CA 44, ll097(l950)(Electrostatic ignitability of pulped NC some Cordites)... 

Nevertheless, as discussed in Section 3.7.3, where potentially flammable atmospheres exist, users must always consider the electrostatic ignition risks. 

Chubb, J.N., and Butterworth, G.J., Instrumentation and techniques for monitoring and assessing electrostatic ignition hazards, Inst. Phys. Conf. Ser. No. 48, p. 88, 1979. 

Butterworth, G.J., et al., Assessment of electrostatic ignition hazards during tank filling with the aid of computer modelling, J. Electrostatics, 13, No. 1, August 1982. 

Walmsley, H.L., Electrostatic ignition hazards in road tanker loading Part 1. Review and experimental measurements, / Electrostatics, 28, No. 1, 1992. 

Williams, T.J., and Jones, R.T., Modelling the Electrostatic Ignition Hazards Associated with the Cleaning of Tanks Containing Flammable Atmospheres, Electrostatics 99, Cambridge, March 1999. 

Energetic materials can be initiated using thermal, mechanical or electrostatic ignition sources and do not need atmospheric oxygen to maintain the exothermic reaction. 

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