Water hazards

Hazard of Water, Hazard of Air, Safe Furnace Firing, etc., Nine booklets published by The American Oil Company, Chicago. 

Except for short-term hazards from concentrated spiUs, BTEX compounds (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) have been more frequently associated with risk to humans than with risk to nonhuman species such as fish and wildlife. This is partly because plants, fish, and birds take up only very small amounts, and because this volatile compound tends to evaporate into the atmosphere rather than persisting in surface waters or soils. However, volatiles such as this compound can pose a drinking water hazard when they accumulate in groundwater. See also BTEX entry, and entries for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes. 

Copaken J. 1990. Trihalomethanes Is swimming pool water hazardous. In Water chlorination Chemistry, Environmental Impact and Health Effects, volume 6. Chelsea, MI Lewis Publishers, Inc. 

Abdul, A. S., T. L. Gibson, and D. N. Rai, Statistical Correlations for Predicting the Partition Coefficient for Nonpolar Organic Contaminants Between Aquifer Organic Carbon and Water. Hazard. Waste Hazard. Mater., 1987 4, 211-222. 

Capello et al.16 applied LCA to 26 organic solvents (acetic acid, acetone, acetonitrile, butanol, butyl acetate, cyclohexane, cyclohexanone, diethyl ether, dioxane, dimethylformamide, ethanol, ethyl acetate, ethyl benzene, formaldehyde, formic acid, heptane, hexane, methyl ethyl ketone, methanol, methyl acetate, pentane, n- and isopropanol, tetrahydrofuran, toluene, and xylene). They applied the EHS Excel Tool36 to identify potential hazards resulting from the application of these substances. It was used to assess these compounds with respect to nine effect categories release potential, fire/explosion, reaction/decomposition, acute toxicity, irritation, chronic toxicity, persistency, air hazard, and water hazard. For each effect category, an index between zero and one was calculated, resulting in an overall score between zero and nine for each chemical. Figure 18.12 shows the life cycle model used by Capello et al.16... 

Wl Water Hazardous air contaminants without acceptable ambient concentrations (2,3,7,8-TCDD). 0001 pounds/year... 

Substances List Concerning WGK (Wasser Gefahrdungs Klasse, The Water Hazard Classification), issued by KBWS (The Committe for the Evaluation of Water-Endangering Substances), March 1989. 

Harradine DM, Buelow SJ, Dell orco PC, Dyer RB, Foy BR, Robinson JM, Sanchez JA, Sportarelli T, Wander JD. Oxidation chemistry of energetic materials supercritical water. Hazard Waste Hazard Mater 1993 10(2) 233-246. 

Conditions to avoid This product presents no significant reactivity hazard. It is stable and will not react violently with water. Hazardous polymerization will not occur. 

This Chapter details oxidizing solids, which are typically reactive with other materials. At the end of this chapter reactive chemical substances (oxidizing, spontaneously combustible, water-hazardous, unstable, explosive substances) are classified caccording to Bretherick. For the hazardous materials 1 11 under the revised Fire Protection Law, reference should be made to Jiromaru s commentary "1. ... 

D. M. Harradine et al, Oxidation Chemistry of energetic materials in Supercritical Water Hazardous Waste and Hazardous Materials, vol. 10-2 (1993) 233-246... 

Water detection to provide early wanung of leaks and other water hazards (e.g., condensahon)... 

Properties Brownish-red needles or crystalline masses. Soluble in acids decomposed by water. Hazard See barium. 

Properties Clear, colorless liquid pleasant odor. Bp 91.2C, fp -112C, d 1.2425 (25/25C), refr index 1.4320-1.4344 (25C), flash p 70F (21.1C) (OC). Soluble in alcohol and ether insoluble in water. Hazard Narcotic in high concentration. Flammable, dangerous fire risk. 

Properties Colorless hquid. Bp 68C, d 0.875 (20/ 4C), flashp 32F (0C), refr index 1.39. Miscible with alcohol and ether sparingly soluble in water. Hazard Flammable, dangerous fire risk. 

Properties White powder. D 2.9. Insoluble in water. Hazard Irritating dust. TLV 10 mg/m3. Use in foods restricted to 5% in baking powder, 2% in table salt. Use Absorbent, antacid, filler for paper and paper coatings, cosmetics, food additive (anticaking agent), manufacture of glass and Portland cement. See dicalcium silicate. 

Properties White, crystals or crystalline powder odorless slightly bitter taste. Mp 171-173C. Soluble in alcohol or ether slightly soluble in water. Hazard See barbiturates. 

Properties Colorless liquid. D 0.805, bp 85C, fp -6.0C. Soluble in alcohol insoluble in water. Hazard Moderate fire and explosion risk when exposed to heat. 

Properties Water-white liquid amine odor. Fp -63C, d 0.741 (20C), bp 109C bulk density 6.1 lb/ gal, flash p 63F (17.2C) (TOC). Soluble in water. Hazard Flammable, dangerous fire risk. Skin irritant. 

Properties Colorless liquid. D (cis) 0.708, (trans) 0.704, (commercial) 0.7010-0.7050 (20/4C), bp (trans) 98C, (cis) 98.5C, (commercial) 97-99C, refr index 1.406 (20C) flash p (commercial) 28F (—2.2C). Soluble in alcohol, acetone, ether, petroleum, and coal tar solvents insoluble in water. Hazard Flammable, dangerous fire risk. 

Properties Colorless crystals. Mp 200-201C. Soluble in acetone and methanol insoluble in carbon tetrachloride and ether decomposes in water. Hazard Skin irritant. 

Properties Colorless crystals. Mp 85C. Soluble in acetone, alcohol, and benzene insoluble in water. Hazard Toxic by ingestion. 

CAS 4685-14-7. [CH3(C5H4N)2CH ] 2CH3S04. Properties Yellow solid. Soluble in water. Hazard Highly toxic by ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption use is restricted. TLV 0.1 mg/m3. Use A widely used non-selective herbicide that kills all green plant tissue it contacts, especially grasses and weeds. Has been used to kill marijuana crops. 

Properties White powder. Soluble in water. Hazard Toxic by ingestion. 

Properties White solid. Mp 160C. Slightly soluble in most organic solvents insoluble in water. Hazard Absorbed by skin. TLV 0.1 mg/m3 not classifiable as a human carcinogen. 

Properties Colorless to pale-yellow solid aromatic odor. Mw 265.96, sp g 1.59-1.65, mp 115C, bp 311.5-360C, flash p 410F. Insoluble in water. Hazard Combustible. Toxic by inhalation and skin contact. TLV 2 mg/m3. 

An attempt to regulate the evaluation of wastes was presented by the Commission for the Evaluation of Substances Hazardous for Water in March 2003 [18]. It suggests a classification in accordance to the relevant H-criteria of the water-hazard classes for waste. The problem with this approach, however, is that the composition of the waste should be known and focus is given to effects relevant for water-hazard potential. Based on the submitted concept and in accordance with the principle of concern of the Water Management Act, wastes can be treated as not firmly defined substances, such as the substances assigned to the WGK 3 (water-hazard class). 

The most dangerous substance with regard to the water hazard was toluene (C and D). All other substances only have a low water hazard potential. The potential for eutrophication was only given in A and B where phosphates were used. Persistent and accumulating substances were not used in any of the routes. 

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES Reacts violently with organic acids, bases, amines, alcohols and organometallic compounds hazardous decomposition in water hazardous polymerization will occur FP (127°C) AT (619 C) LFL (0.9%) UFL (9.5%). 

EXPLOSION and FIRE CONCERNS not combustible flammable by chemical reaction NFPA rating Health 3, Flammability 0, Reactivity 2 contact with water will cause violent spattering and formation of toxic hydrogen chloride gas and phosphoric acid mist elevated temperatures may cause containers to burst pressure will develop in closed containers when exposed to moisture reacts explosively with chlorine dioxide and chlorine, sodium, and urea and heat ignites on contact with fluorine forms explosive products with carbamates and 3 -methyl-2-nitrobenzanilide reacts violently with water, acids, alkalies, alkali metals, alcohols, amines and organic acids incompatible with aluminum chlorine dioxide, chlorine, diphosphorus trioxide, fluorine, hydroxylamine, magnesium oxide, nitrobenzene, sodium, urea, and water hazardous... 

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