Detection of water

A Btu meter may be used in the fuel-quality system as an aid in determining turbine system efficiency. A water capacitance probe is used for detection of water in the fuel line. A water-detecting device can be incorporated into the corrosion monitoring system. This monitoring device is based on detection of changes in the dielectric constant of unknown fluid components... 

In Ref. 11, IT voltammograms of NH4 and N03 were obtained when a 0-pipette was exposed to vapors of ammonia and nitric acid, and linear dependence of the voltam-metric response on concentration of vapor-generating solution has been demonstrated. The surface liquid layer in all pipettes used in that work was aqueous, and only the detection of water-soluble gases was discussed. However, the detection of organic compounds in the gas phase may also be possible using a 0-pipette with a nonaqueous sensing film. 

Especially in conjunction with the detection of water or OH species, ex situ XPS measurements have been critizised because of possible changes occurring during transfer and exposure of the sample to UHV. Kuroda et al. have demonstrated that structural changes of the passive film indeed occur when electron diffraction studies are performed in a hydrated and subsequently in a dehydrated environment. Structural changes, however, do not necessarily cause changes in elemental composition as determined by XPS. 

Fong A, Hieftje GM. Near Infrared measurement of relative and absolute humidity through detection of water adsorbed on a silica gel layer. Anal Chem 1995 67 1139-1146. 

DETECTION OF WATER MASER EMISSION FROM A CARBON STAR V778 CYGNI... 

Detection of Water Maser Emission from a Carbon Star V778 Cygni... 

Fio. 6.57. Single-beam infra-red analyser suitable for the detection of water in liquids... 

The Detection of Water in Liquids and Solids (The Measurement of Moisture Content)... 

The detection of water in some organic liquids is of considerable importance, e.g. both antifreeze (ethylene glycol) and aviation fuel (kerosene) should contain as little water as possible. Such materials can be monitored for water content by the use of non-dispersive infra-red techniques or turbidimeters (Section 6.8.1). 

The detection of water in solvents, especially in trace quantities, can be troublesome. A method employing infrared spectrometry has been developed by Barbetta and Edgell for the detection of water in solvents at the submillimolar... 

Chen, Y. T., and Ling, Y. C. (2002). Detection of water-soluble vitamins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry using porphyrin matrices. J. Mass Spectrom. 37 716-730. 

TUNABLE DIODE LASER ABSORPTION SPECTROSCOPY (TDLAS) AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL FOR IN-SITU DETECTION OF WATER VAPOR CONCENTRATION IN PEMFCs... 

Noguchi T. FTIR detection of water reactions in the oxygen-evolving centre of photosystem II. Phil Trans R Soc B. 2008 363(1494) 1189-95. 

The simultaneous detection of water (as an internal standard) and brain... 

Ahmadjian, M. Brown, C. W. Feasibility of Remote Detection of Water... 

Rathore, H. S., Chromatographic and related spot tests for the detection of water pollutants, J. Chromatogr. A, 733, 5-17, 1996. 

Detection of water and C02 with FTIR at low concentrations is unreliable, due to their presence in the atmosphere. These compounds can be detected with MS. The release of water (m/z = 18) and C02 (m/z = 44) during the decomposition of a CPC, system B sample is shown in Figure 6.20. Absorbed water is released during the first ten minutes of the experiment (40°C - 140°C), followed by an amount of chemically bound water at the very beginning of the first decomposition step (the thermal stability of the ammonia ligand is thus higher than that of the water ligand ). 

As basic information in plant science increases additional markers will be identified for which immunoassays can be developed. Rapid determination of the nutrient status of the growing crop will allow crop managers to select fertilization that produces maximum return based on the specific needs of the crop as it grows in a specific location (29). Similarly, detection of water stress markers will permit irrigation scheduling based on crop water status rather than on soil moisture levels or other environmental measures. 

Hydrogen control. The necessity in hydrogen control was caused by the need for detection of water leak into sodium resulting in the following reaction ... 

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