List I substances

List I substances may not normally be discharged. List II substances may only be discharged under strictly controlled conditions. 

The dangerous substances directive [5 ] is an example of control applied to specific substances by aiming for the elimination of pollution caused by List 1 substances and for the reduction of pollution caused by List II substances. The directive is a framework directive 4 subsidiary directives regulate List I substances, 2 for mercury [6, 7 ], 1 for cadmium[8], and 1 for hexachlorocyclohexane [9 1. 

A flavouring substances which may be used in foodstuffs (referred to as List I substances in the 3rd edition) ... 

GHB has been used both for legitimate clinical and chnical research purposes and for a range of iUicit purposes. It was marketed legally in the United States until 1990, when the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned its sale to consumers. Except for the one indication described later in this section, GHB is a Schedule I controlled substance without other FDA-approved indications. The FDA has also declared y-butyrolactone (GBL) as a List I chemical and 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BD) as a Class I health hazard, practically designating these GHB precursors, which are also industrial solvents, as illicit and unapproved new drugs (National Institute on Drug Abuse 2000). 

The toxicological profiles are developed in response to the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act (SARA) of 1986 (Public law 99-499) which amended the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA or Superfund). This public law directed ATSDR to prepared toxicological profiles for hazardous substances most commonly found at facilities on the CERCLA National Priorities List and that pose the most significant potential threat to human health, as determined by ATSDR and the EPA. The availability of the revised priority list of 275 hazardous substances was announced in the Federal Register on November 17, 1997 (62 FR 61332). For prior versions of the list of substances, see Federal RegisternoiiCQS dated April 29, 1996 (61 FR 18744) April 17, 1987 (52 FR 12866) October 20, 1988 (53 FR 41280) October 26, 1989 (54 FR 43619) October 17, 1990 (55 FR 42067) October 17, 1991 (56 FR 52166) October 28, 1992 (57 FR 48801) and February 28, 1994 (59 FR 9486). Section 104(i)(3) of CERCLA, as amended, directs the Administrator of ATSDR to prepare a toxicological profile for each substance on the list. 

Table 3.4 List I and II substances under groundwater directive...

Furthermore, the EU regularly produces and regularly updates the list of substances of high concern, i.e. the SVHC list. The identification of a substance as a SVHC and its inclusion in the candidate list is the first step of the authorization procedure. The European Chemical Agency in Helsinki identifies from the candidate list priority substances to be included in Annex XIV of REACH (the authorisation list). The substances on the candidate list will most probably be liable to stricter regulation in the future (authorisation/banning) which will stimulate the substitution of these chemicals. Currently in June 2012, there are 84 substances included in the candidate list. Examples of chemicals on the candidate list which may be relevant for the leather industry are phenolphthalein, boric acid, cobalt dichloride, dichromate (although not used by leather industry), phthalates (DEHP, DBP and BBP), acrylamide and short-chain chlorinated paraffins. 

Van der Putte I, Groshart C, Okkerman PC (2000) European Commission DG ENV Towards the establishment of a priority list of substances for further evaluation of their role in endocrine disruption. M0355008/1786Q710/11/00. BKH, Consulting Engineers and TNO, Nutrition and Food Research, Delft, The Netherlands... 

Due to the environmental impact of pesticides, several priority lists have been published to help protect the quality of drinking and surface waters. Table 4 lists the different pesticides from the 76/464/EC Directive (i. e., the so-called black list [168, 171-174]). Following the three general parameters (toxicity, persistence, and input) for selecting the priority list of pollutants in the United Kingdom, a red-list of substances that include several pesticides, most of them common to the EC list, was established. 

Seizures of all of the substances in Tables I and II, with the exception of isosafrole and piperonal, both substances used in the illicit manufacture of MDMA (Ecstasy), have been reported for 2003 by 43 Governments, and seizures of 65 non-controlled chemicals have been reported by 22 Governments. As the information relating to non-controlled substances is essential to the revision of the adequacy and propriety of the current lists of substances in Tables I and II of the 1988 Convention, as well as to the maintenance of the limited international special surveillance list of non-scheduled substances, the Board encourages Governments to ensure that mechanisms are in place to record information on all chemicals found to be used in the illicit manufacture of drugs and not only those scheduled under the 1988 Convention. 

For existing substances, the data collection consists of three phases. The ESR was initially concerned with the so-called HPVCs (High Production Volume Chemicals). HPVCs are those substances, which are covered by the data collection phases I and II of the ESR, i.e., those substances which have been imported or produced in quantities exceeding 1000 tons per year and produced/imported between March 23 1990 and March 23 1994. During phase I, 1884 substances were extracted from EINECS - referred to as the HPVC list these substances are listed in Annex I of ESR. The total list of substances reported under phases I and II of the Regulation is now referred to as the EU-HPVC list. 

Approval of feed additives is currently coordinated through Directorate General XXIV of the European Commission. To gain market authorization within the Community, a feed additive must be entered into either Annex I or Annex II of Directive 70/524/EEC. This Feed additive Directive contains a list of substances that can be incorporated into an animal feeding stuff as well as the level of this incorporation. 

A list of substances which have been used or considered to support decomposition flames is shown in Table I. Almost all of these substances have been studied at one time or another to provide fundamental information for the evaluation of the theory of flame propagation. As previously mentioned, the ozone decomposition has proved most useful as the basis of a flame which is amenable to both theoretical and experimental study. The NO decomposition flame provided a situation where a clear-cut prediction was made possible by flame theory (P2). On the basis of a flame calculation it was predicted that a strong preheat would permit the stabilization of this flame at a measurable flame velocity, since it was known that a flame would not propagate into the gas at room temperature. Subsequent experimental work confirmed the prediction by stabilizing a flame with approximately the predicted value. This places a great deal of... 

On February 18, 2000, the Hillary Farias and Samantha Reed Date-Rape Prohibition Act (Public Law 106-172) made the GHB precursor GBL a List I chemical, subject to the criminal, civil, and administrative sanctions of the Controlled Substances Act. On March 13, 2000, GHB became a Schedule I controlled substance (65 FR 13235-13238), subject to the regulatory controls and the criminal, civil, and administrative sanctions of the Controlled Substances Act. Schedule I, which is the same as for heroin, LSD, and marijuana, states that the drug has no medical use and cannot be prescribed, and that the drug has a high potential for abuse. 

Regulation 2377/90 contains the following four annexes in which the substances are listed after evaluation I. Substances for which final MRLs have been fixed II. Substances for which MRLs are not deemed necessary in order to protect public health III. Substances with provisional MRLs - if a dossier is incomplete, the manufacturer may be given a set time (up to five years) in which to provide the necessary information IV. Substances for which it is not possible, due to safety concerns, to set an MRL - the administration of substances listed in this annex is prohibited throughout the EU and the marketing authorisation for the medicines concerned has been withdrawn. 

ECHA (2009) Recommendation of the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) of I June 2009for the inclusion of substances in Annex XIV (the list of substances subject to regulation) of Regulation No 1907/2006. Helsinki European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 

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