Disposal, waste handling

SpiHs should be confined and prevented from entering water sources. Smother with foam and take up residue with an absorbent and put into dmms for disposal. The suggested method of disposal is incineration at an approved waste handling facHity in a system equipped with a combustion gas scmbber system (23). 

Waste handling recovery and disposal — all aspects of waste management and compliance need to be identified to ensure safe handling, appropriate treatment, and reuse where possible. Unless waste is minimal and of a benign nature an improvement plan is likely to be needed. 

In the United States, electrical and electronic appliances, when old and considered to be wastes, are sent to sanitary landfill sites for dismantling, separation, resource recovery, and disposal. Commercial companies are getting formed for the waste handling, packaging, transportation, resource recovery, and disposition operations, aiming at profit-making.1-3 5-11... 

Assign arbitrary cost values ( /kmol) for the reactants A and B, a profit value for the product P and waste disposal and handling charges for the waste Q. Modify the program to incorporate these cost values and define a net cost function for the reaction and hence determine the best environmental operating condition. Study the effect of differing cost values on the above optimum. 

No complicated waste handling or removal is required (although process by-products may require additional treatment or disposal). 

The implementation of waste-handling and disposal costs into the added-value concept might be complicated in many cases, mainly because of a lack of transparency regarding the process-specific waste costs. Nevertheless if waste reduction is a major part in the increase of process efficiency, waste costs have to be taken into account and may contribute significantly to the added-value. 

Oceanologists and waste-handling professionals presently are attempting to answer the question, How can society use the ooeans for waste disposal without harming the marine environment or fisheries resources Much research remains, and numerous oilier questions remain unanswered. 

The USEPA estimates that over 6000 facilities are currently operated as treatment, storage, or disposal facilities (TSDFs) regulated under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), which assigns the responsibility of corrective action to facility owners and operators and authorizes the USEPA to oversee corrective actions. Unlike the Superfund, RCRA responsibility is delegated to states. The USEPA and authorized states have completed initial assessment of potential environmental contamination at over 70% of RCRA facilities, as required by statute to address corrective action. Environmental contamination at many RCRA facilities is expected to be less severe than at Superfund sites however, the total number of RCRA facilities exceeds the number of Superfund sites. The USEPA developed a computer-based system known as the RCRA National Corrective Action Prioritization System (NCAPS) to help establish priorities for corrective action activities. Among the factors considered in NCAPS are the history of hazardous waste releases, the likelihood of human and environmental exposure, and the type and quantity of waste handle at the facility. 

I will outline very briefly for you the guidelines, process and procedures used at Shell for risk assessment and risk response (30, (2 ). I will focus my comments on how we are beginning to deal, for example, with decisions concerning the acceptability of operating existing hazardous waste disposal facilities or when considering new waste handling facilities. 

Some aspects of the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Act (COSHH) regulations and the Health and Safety at Work Act, will also apply to waste handling, treatment and disposal see Chapter 9. 

A novel process for toxic waste handling is suggested in U.S. 4,764,282 (to Uniroyal Goodrich Tire Company). A waste liquid is soaked up into ground tire rubber to form a stable solid that can be transported with reduced risk of spillage. The resulting product can then be incinerated in a fluidized bed combustor, similar to the fluidized bed combustors used in coal-fired power stations. Estimate the cost of waste disposal via this route, allowing for a credit for the electricity produced. How does this compare to the cost of toxic waste disposal by conventional incineration ... 

Important issues related to improper waste handling, treatment, and disposal. Reviews essentials of compliance central administration, waste reduction, safety labeling standards, recordkeeping, monitoring waste contractors, transportation safety, and employee emergency training. 

Since in most cases the dimensions of particulate solid wastes, particularly those of contaminants, are small and, therefore, cause problems during collection and handling and with secondary pollution, size enlargement by agglomeration offers technologies that can assist in solid waste handling, processing, and disposal in many different ways. Tab. 8.3 summarizes the possibilities. 

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