Vesicular stomatitis virus types

Various types of adherent cells were grown on a coverslip, which was then laid on top of the LAPS chip. Measurements were made for acidification of (1) normal human epidermal keratinocytes stimulated by epidermal growth factor (EGP) or organic chemicals, and of (2) human uterine sarcoma cells as a response to doxorubicin and vincristine (chemotherapeutic drugs). In addition, the inhibition (by ribavirin) of the viral infection of murine fibroblastic L cells by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) was investigated by following the acidification rate. A limitation of these studies is the requirement for a low-buffered medium (low bicarbonate content) to achieve maximum sensitivity [847]. 

The oncolytic viruses include adenovirus, measles, reovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV),HSV,poxvirus, and vaccinia. Specific examples include (1) ONYX-015, which is an adenoviral oncolytic virus, administered to patients with liver metastases of colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer [29], (2) Reolysin, which is an oncolytic reovirus administered to patients with glioma [30], and (3) MV-CEA, which is an oncolytic measles virus expressing carcinoembryonic antigen, administered to patients with ovarian cancer [31]. Some oncolytic viruses are wild type and are apparently not pathogenic in humans, such as the Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which is an RNA avian paramyxovirus. PV701, a naturally attenuated, replication-competent strain of NDV, has been administered to patients with advanced solid tumors [32], The applicability of oncolytic viruses as a therapy for clinical oncology trials is due to their potential selectivity the ability to kill tumor cells but not normal cells. However, the level of attenuation of viral replication in normal cells is limited for most oncolytic vectors. 

In 1986, venustatriol (2) was isolated from the red algae Laurencia venusta [5]. This compound was shown to possess many of the same structural features as thyrsiferol (1), with the exception of the stereocenters at Cig and C19 as indicated in Fig. (1). At the time of its isolation, venustatriol (2) was reported to display anti-viral activity against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1). The absolute configuration of venustatriol (2) was verified by x-ray crystallography, an experiment that facilitated the assignment of the absolute stereochemistry of thyrsiferol (1). 

HSV-1 = Herpes Simplex Virus Type I CPE = Cytopathic Effect MIC = Minimum Inhibitory Concentration VSV = Vesicular Stomatitis Virus HIV = Human Immunodeficiency Virus... 

An in vitro study examined the ability of six components of a a cat s claw bark extract to inhibit two RNA viruses, vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and rhinovirus type IB (HRV IB) (Aquino et al., 1989). Three major glycosides and three other quinovic acid glycosides were studied. An inhibitory effect was evident for all six compounds at relatively high concentrations (i.e., the MIC50 approached the concentration that affected host cell morphology and growth). 

The trienamide onnamide A (43) is a metabolite isolated from the marine sponge Theonella sp. found in Okinawan waters [84]. It belongs to the pederin family like mycalamides and theopederins [85], and shows a potent antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type-1, vesicular stomatitis virus, and coronavirus A-59. The complete determination of the structure was carried out during the total synthesis of onnamide A (43)... 

To study the antiviral activity, Type 1 simplex herpes virus, KOS stock (HSV-Hg) and Indiana vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) were used and HeLa cells were cultured in Eagle-modified Dulbecco medium (EMDM), supplemented w ith 10% foetal calf serum, on plates with 24 holes. Monolayers of these cells were infected with HSV-1 or VSV at 0.5 ufp/cell or 0.01 ufp/cell, respectively, and later the product to be assayed, pre-dissolved in DMSO, was added in concentrations of 10, 20, 50, 100 and 200 pg/ml. After 48 h incubation for HSV-1 and 24 h for VSV, at 37°C in CO2 atmosphere, the cytopathic CPE effect was measured on a phase-contrasting microscope [85],... 

C15H18O4, Mr 262.31, powder, inp. 75-77°C, [a]u +42.7° (CHjCN). Biologically active sesquiterpenoid of the seco-sterpurene type (see sterpuranes) from mycelium cultures of Artomyces pyxidata (=Clavicorona pyxidata, Basidiomycetes). C. is an inhibitor of various RNA-dependent DNA-polymerases (reverse transcriptases) and acts against vesicular stomatitis viruses. IM. J. Antibiot. 45,29 (1992). - [CAS 139748-98-4]... 

Tabas, I., Schlesinger, S. Komfeld, S. (1978) Processing of High Mannose Oligosaccharides to Form Complex Type Oligosaccharides on the Newly Synthesised Polypeptides of the Vesicular Stomatitis Virus G Protein and the IgG Heavy Chain , Journal of Biological Chemistry, 253, 716-22... 

Type I (IFN-a/P) and type II (IFN-y) IFNs are major lines of defense against viral infection. IFNs mediate direct antiviral effector mechanisms that inhibit multiple steps of viral replication (Samuel 1991 Vilcek and Sen 1996). For example, 2, 5 -oligoadenylate synthetase (2, 5 -OAS) activates ribonuclease L, which degrades mRNA and limits the accumulation of viral transcripts. Protein kinase R blocks translation of viral transcripts by phosphorylating translation initiation factor eIF-2. Mx proteins block influenza, vesicular stomatitis virus, and herpes simplex virus replication by an unknown mechanism. 

Rabbitpox virus also causes a rapid cytopathic effect, akin to cytotoxicity, by 2 hr after injection even after virus multiplication is inhibited by ultraviolet light or by the presence of azide or p-thio-semicarbazone (Appleyard et al., 1962). Another type of cytotoxic effect results from infection of BHK-21 cells with extremely high multiplicities (10 /cell) of defective-interfering (DI) particles, of vesicular stomatitis virus, ostensibly devoid of infectious B particles... 

Most of the research in this field has been done with the prototype vesicular stomatitis virus because of its rapid growth to high titer in a wide variety of cell types and relative ease for purifying large amounts of homogeneous virus particles. VSV rapidly kills many host cells and even more rapidly shuts off cellular macromolecular synthesis (Week and Wagner, 1978). On the other hand, infection of cells with rabies virus results in only a delayed cytopathic effect and dis-... 

Marvaldi, J., and Lucas-Lenard, J., 1977, Differences in the ribosomal protein gel profile after infection of L cells with wild-type or temperature-sensitive mutants of vesicular stomatitis virus. Biochemistry 16 4320. 

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