Carboxylic acid polymers

Soga K, Imai E, Hattori I (1981) Alternating copolymerization of CO2 and propylene oxide with the catalysts prepared from Zn(OH)2 and various carboxylic acids. Polym J 13(4) 407 10... 

Anionic polyelectrolytes have been shown to enhance resistance to bacteria and fungi, enhance immune response, inhibit adjuvent arthritis and either depress or stimulate phagocytic activity of the reticuloendothelial system [458,459]. Carboxylic acid polymers have shown interferon induction, antiviral activity, and tumor growth inhibition [460]. The effects include inhibition of sarcoma, leukemia, polyoma and vesicular stomatitis virus. In one application, the cytotoxicity of bleomycin toward cultured mammalian cells was synergisti-cally enhanced by stirring in the presence of high molecular weight polyfacrylic acid) [461]. 

Z. Zhou, N. Liu, and H. Huang, Reactivity of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene terpolymer grafted with long-chain unsaturated carboxylic acids, Polymer, 45(21) 7109-7116, September 2004. 

Carbon dioxide also is generated during the pyrolysis of diamine/dibasic carboxylic acid polymers, and its levei is significantly higher compared to that produced in the pyrolysis of poly(amino acids). Several mechanisms can explain the formation of CO2. One of the possibilities involves the formation of water during pyrolysis, which leads to an acid that is decarboxylated as shown in the following reactions ... 

Hopfinger and Mauritz and Hopfinger also presented a general formalism to describe the structural organization of Nafion membranes under different physicochemical conditions. It was assumed that ionic clustering does not exist in the dry polymer. This assumption is applicable to the perfluorinated carboxylic acid polymer" but not the perfluorosulfonate polymers." They consider the balance in energy between the elastic deformation of the matrix and the various molecular interactions that exist in the polymer. 

Zunino F, Pratesi G, Micheloni A. Poly(carboxylic acid) polymers as carriers for anthracyclines. J Contr Rel 1989 10 65-73. 

Special post-functionalizable copolymers have also been used to derive acid ionomers by hydrolysis, thus avoiding the difficulties of copolymerizing ionic and nonionic monomers. To this end there are many examples where carboxylic acid polymers are formed by hydrolyzing copolymers containing acrylate esters, acrylonitrile, or maleic anhydride. As described later, a sulfonic acid ionomer, Nafion, is formed by hydrolysis of tetrafluoroethylene copolymerized with a sulfonyl fluoride. 

Doehl et al High MM carboxylic acids, polymer additives Capillary column Carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide FID Pressure program... 

Ottenbrite, R. M. et al. Biological activity of poly (carboxylic acid) polymers, in Polymeric Drugs (ed.) Donaruma. L. G., Vogl. O.. p 263, New York, Academic Press 1978... 

The whole set of experimental data on the phase behavior of complexes based on dicarboxylic acids proves the fact of the stabilization of lamellar phases in hydrogen bond complexes independently of the structure of the carboxylic acid - polymer or low molecular mass one. 

Phosphonylation of a Carboxylic Acid Polymer. The reaction of a water-soluble polycarboxylic acid with phosphorous acid is said to yield a polymer with hydroxybis(phosphonic acid) structures. These are effective scale-inhibiting agents for aqueous systems (119) but not known to have been commercialized. A similar reaction in a Chinese study is said to result in the replacement of carboxyl groups by phosphonic acid groups (120) to produce pol5uners with similar utility. 

In this study polymer immobilization involved the reaction of carboxylic acid polymers (CAPs) with APS (3-aminopropyl siloxane) functionalized glass beads (Scheme 1). The polymers, PAA and PMA reacted with the active APS amine groups to form salts. 

For IPMCs, their performances critically depend on ionic polymer used. Ionic polymers usually used for the IPMC are perfiuorosulfonic acid or perfluoro-carboxylic acid polymers, of which the typical chemical structures are shown in Fig. 1. One can obtain various types of thin films made fi om perfiuorosulfonic acid fi-om E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company as commercial products (Nafion). 

Each chapter describes the synthesis of a given class of compound or functional group type (hydrocarbons, olefins, acetylenes, carboxylic acids, polymers of various types, mercaptans, etc.) and gives a brief summary of the available routes that can be used. A few representative preparations are illustrated because of their wide applicability. For more details the reader is referred to review the following six books from which these preparations came ... 

This phenomenon contrasts well with that observed on a perfluorinated carboxylic acid polymer . 

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