Toxicity evaluations

chronic and other toxicity tests for clacyfos were carried out according to the standard operational procedures of pesticidal registration. The toxicity evaluation was performed by National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Shenyang) in Chain. Test results suggested that clacyfos has low acute toxicity against rats and non-harmfiil to other tested animals. 

This procedure includes oral toxicity, dermal toxicity, inhalation toxicity, eye irritation, and dermal sensitization. The acute oral and acute dermal toxicity tests were performed in rates to determine the LD50. The evaluation showed that both technical grade of clacyfos and 30 % clacyfos EC had low acute toxicity against rats. Neither significant eye irritation nor negative dermal sensitization of rabbit was observed. 

Detailed information of the acute toxicity is listed in Tables 8.18 and 8.19. 

Two-generation-reproduction (rat) No effect on development or reproduction observed 

Chronic Ames, chromosome aberration of spermatocytes, and micronucleus tests were performed in rat. All tests results were negative. 

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Current guidelines for toxicity evaluation of ophthalmic formulations involve both single and multiple applications, dependent on the proposed clinical use [39]. The multiple applications may extend over a 9-month period and incorporate evaluations of ocular irritation and toxicity, systemic toxicity, and determinations of systemic exposure (toxicokinetics). In many cases the systemic exposure from an ocular route is less than by parenteral administration, information that will assist in determining whether additional studies may be needed to establish systemic safety of the ophthalmic preparation. U.S. and international guidance documents are available [71,72], and regulations and tests have been summarized for ophthalmic preparations [39,73,74],... 

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