Semipermeable membrane devices

Huckins, J.N., M.W. Tubergen, and G.K. Manuweera. 1990b. Semipermeable membrane devices containing model lipid a new approach to monitoring the bioavailability of lipophilic contaminants and estimating their bioconcentration potential. Chemosphere 20 533-552. 

Lebo, J.A., J.L. Zajicek, J.N. Huckins, J.D. Petty, and P.H. Peterman. 1992. Use of semipermeable membrane devices for in situ monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in aquatic environments. Chemosphere 25 697-718. 

Meadows, J., D. Tillitt, J. Huckins, and D. Schroeder. 1993. Large-scale dialysis of sample liquids using a semipermeable membrane device. Chemosphere 26 1993-2006. 

Prest, H.F., W.M. Jarman, S.A. Bums, T. Weismuller, M. Martin, and J.N. Huckins. 1992. Passive water sampling via semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) in concert with bivalves in the Sacramento/San Joaquin river delta. Chemosphere 25 1811-1823. 

Semipermeable Membrane Devices and Other Membrane Processes. 57... 

Due to the predicted and previously detected low concentrations of pesticides in environmental samples (usually around the nanogram per liter level), a preconcentration step of the water samples is necessary prior to measurement. In this way, a preconcentration factor of several orders of magnitude (200-1,000-fold) is mandatory to reach the low detection limits necessary for the identification of pesticides, especially in complex wastewater samples. Also, the use of surrogate standards (e.g., triphenyl phosphate) added before the extraction step is a common practice in order to account for possible errors during the extraction process and for quantitative purposes. The commonly used extraction methods for polar compounds from water matrices involve isolation using liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) and solid-phase extraction (SPE), which are commented on below. Other methods such as semipermeable membrane devices (SPMD) are also mentioned. 

Petty JD, Huckins JN, Martin DB. 1995. Use of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDS) to determine bioavailable organochlorine pesticide residues in streams receiving irrigation drainwater. Chemosphere 30(10) 1891-1903. 

In the following sections we highlight only selected works that have contributed toward the further development of passive samplers for SVOCs and/or HOCs. The literature related to the development and use of passive samplers for monitoring gases or VOCs in occupational environments is large. However, these publications are discussed only briefly, because lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) are primarily designed for SVOCs. 

Based on earlier work (Lieb and Stein, 1969 Chiou, 1985 Sddergren, 1987 Zabik, 1988) Huckins etal. (1989,1990a, 1993) flrstdeveloped and tested two types of lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) for in situ passive sampling of bioavailable dissolved aqueous-phase HOCs. The lipid-containing... 

Axelman, J. Ntes, K. Naf, C. Broman, D. 1999, Accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in semipermeable membrane devices and caged mussels (Mvtilus edulisl in relation to water column phase distribution. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 18 2454-2461. 

Baussant, T. Sanni, S. Jonsson, G. Skadsheim, A. Bprseth, J.F. 2001, Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic compounds 1. Bioconcentration in two marine species and in semipermeable membrane devices during chronic exposure to dispersed crude oH.Erwiron. Toxicol. Chem. 20 1175—1184. 

Booij, K. Sleiderink, H.M. Smedes, F. 1998, Calibrating die uptake kinetics of semipermeable membrane devices using exposure standards. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 17 1236—1245. 

Booij, K. Hofmans, H.E. Fischer, C.V. van Weerlee, E.M. 2003a, Temperature-dependent uptake rates of nonpolar organic compounds by semipermeable membrane devices and low-density polyediy-lene membranes.Ewviww. Sci. Technol. 37 361—366. 

Huckins, J.N. Manuweera, G.K. Petty, J.D. Mackay, D. Lebo, J.A. 1993, Lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices for monitoring organic contaminants in water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 27 2489-2496. 

Huckins, J.N. Petty, J.D. Prest, H.F. Clark, R.C. Alvarez, D.A. Orazio, C.E. Lebo, J.A. Cranor, W.L. Johnson, B.T. 2002a, A Guide for the Use of Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMDs) as Samplers of Waterborne Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants Publication No. 4690 American Petroleum Institute (API) Washington, DC. 

Lefkovitz, L.F. Crecelius, E.A. Gilfcil, T.J. 1994, The Use of Semipermeable Membrane Devices to Predict Bioaccumulation of Hydrophobic Organic Contaminants. The 15 Annual meeting of Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Denver, CO Abstract WE25. 

Moring, J.B. and Rose, D.R. 1997, Occurrence and concentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in semipermeable membrane devices and clams in three urban streams of the Dallas-Fort Worth Metropolitan Area, Texas. Chemosphere 34 551-566. 

Ockenden, W.A. Prest, H.E. Thomas, G.O. Sweetman, A. Jones, K.C. 1998, Passive air sampling of PCBs Eield calculation of atmospheric sampling rates by triolein-containing semipermeable membrane devices. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32 1538—1543. 

Petty, J.D. and Orazio, C.E. 1996, Application of Semipermeable Membrane Devices (SPMDs) Ay Passive Monitors of the Environment of Antarctica. USGS, Midwest Science Center, Columbia, MO Unpublished report to National Science Foundation Washington, DC. 

Rantalainen, A.-L. Ikonomou, M.G. Rogers, I.H. 1998, Lipid-containing semipermeable-membrane devices (SPMDs) as concentrators of toxic chemicals in the Lower Fraser River, British Co mAA2LCheniosphere 37 1119—1138. 

Vrana, B. and Schiitirmann, G. 2002, Calibrating the uptake kinetics of semipermeable membrane devices in water Impact of hydrodynamics. Environ. Sci. Technol. 36 290-296. 

Bartkow, M.E. Huckins, J.N. Muller, J.F. 2004, Field-based evaluation of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) as passive air samplers of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Atmos. Errviron. 38 5983-5900. 

Ellis, G.S. Huckins, J.N. Rostad, C.E. Schmitt, C.J. Petty J.D. MacCarthy, P. 1995, Evaluation of lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) for monitoring organochlorine contaminants in the Upper Mississippi River. Environ. Toxicol. Cherrc 14 1875-1884. 

Gale, R.W. 1998, Three-compartment model for contaminant accumulation by semipermeable membrane devices. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32 2292-2300. 

Hofmans, H.E. 1998, Numerical Modeling of the Exchange Kinetics of Semipermeable Membrane Devices. M.S. Thesis, Netherlands Institute for Sea Research Den Buig, The Netherlands. 

McCarthy, K.A. and Gale, R.W. 2001, Evaluation of persistent hydrophobic organic compounds in the Columbia River Basin using semipermeable membrane devices. Hydrol. Process 15 1271-1283. 

Gustavson, K.E. and Haikin, J.M. 2000 Comparison of sampling techniques and evaluation of semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) for monitoring polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in groundwater. Environ Sci. Technol. 34 4445 451. 

Huckins, J.N. Petty, J.D. Orazio, C.E. Zajicek, J.L. Gibson, V.L. Clark, R.C. Echols, K.R. 1994, Semipermeable Membrane Device (SPMD) Sampling Rates for Trace Organic Contaminants in Air and Water. Abstract of the 15 th Annual meeting of Society of Ertvironmental Toxicology and Chemistry Denver, CO. Abstract MBOl. 

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