Toxicity reduction evaluations

Toxicity Identification Evaluation/Toxicity Reduction Evaluation What Works and What Doesn t. Pensacola, Elorida, 23 to 27 Jun 2001. Published by SETAC, 2005. 

Table 1. Summary of Toxicity Reduction Evaluation (TRE) procedures for effluents.

U.S. EPA 1999. Toxicity Reduction Evaluation Guidance for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants. EPA/833B-99/002. 

A Toxicity Reduction Evaluation (TRE) is a site-specific and systematic approach that combines laboratory testing, chemical analysis and on-site investigations to achieve compliance with toxicity based effluent limits. Three fundamental TRE components include 1) Toxicity Identification Evaluations (TIEs), 2) Source Investigations (Sis), and 3) Toxicity Treatability Evaluations... 

Factors influencing success or failure of Toxicity Reduction Evaluations... 

Novak, L.J., Holtze, K.E. and Roy, R. (1998) Evaluation of Toxicity Reduction Evaluation (TRE) and Toxicity Identification Evaluation (TIE) application to the Canadian mining industry, AETE Report No. 1.2.5. Prepared by ESG International Inc. 

U S. EPA (U.S. Environmental Protection Agency) (1989) Generalized methodology for conducting industrial toxicity reduction evaluations, EPA-600/2-88/070. 

Kiister E, Dorusch F, Vogt C, Weiss H, Altenburger R. 2004. On line biomonitors used as a tool for toxicity reduction evaluation of in situ groundwater remediation techniques. Biosensors Bioelectronics 19 1711-1722. 

Eurthermore, in the United States a TRE may vary between states. The US EPA s TRE is based on compliance with whole effluent toxicity, but a specific state s toxic reduction evaluation may address compliance with chemical-specific water quality standards and implement action-oriented programs that provide technological solutions for pollutant removal (e.g., pretreatment facilities). Thus, various toxicity reduction options may be available and should be evaluated before initiating time-consuming and expensive studies. 

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) (1989a) Toxicity Reduction Evaluation Protocol for Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants, Botts, J.A., Braswell, J.W., Zyman, J., Goodfellow, W.L. and Moore, S.B. (eds), USEPA 600/2-88/062. Reduction Engineering Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. 

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