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Acute Dermal Toxicity

Toxicity by skin absorption. Those which produce death within 48 hours in half or more than half of a group of 10 or more rabbits tested at a dosage of 200 milligrams or less per kilogram body weight, when administered by continuous contact with the bare skin for 24 hours or less. [Pg.156]

Dimensions of Sleeves for Acute Dermal Toxicity Test (Test Animal-Rabbits) [Pg.159]

Studies should be conducted according to good laboratory practice requiationa le.g., [Pg.160]

The specific substance or mixture of substances to be tested should be determined in consultabon with the responsible agency. As far as is practical, composition of the test substance should be krtown. Information should include the name attd quantities of all mafor components, known contaminants and impurities, and the percentage of unidentifiable materials, if any, to account for 100% of the test sample. [Pg.160]

Ideally, the lot of the substance tested should be the same throughout the study. The test sample should be stored under conditions that maintain its stability, strength, quality, and purity from the date of its production until the tests are complete. [Pg.160]

Acute dermal toxicity is the study of adverse effects occurring within a short time of dermal application of a single-dose test chemical. In evaluating the safety of a chemical, determination of acute dermal toxicity is useful when exposure by the dermal route is likely and more predominant. It provides information on health hazards likely to arise from short-term exposure by the dermal route. Data from an acute dermal toxicity study may serve as a basis for chemical classification and labeling. It is an initial step in establishing a dose regimen in subchronic (and other) studies, and may provide information on dermal absorption as well as a chemical s mode of toxic action. [Pg.469]

The test chemical is applied to the skin of groups of animals in graduated doses, such as one dose per group. Subsequently, observations of toxic effects and deaths are made. Animals that die during the test are necropsied. At the conclusion of the test, surviving animals are sacrificed and necropsied as necessary. [Pg.469]

For evaluation of the dermal toxicity of a chemical or drug, the adult rat, rabbit, or guinea pig have been considered useful species. However, use of other species requires a justification. Animals with the following weight ranges are useful and facilitate the toxicity test rat 200 to 300 g rabbits 2 to 3 kg guinea pig 350 to 450 g. Equal numbers of each gender with healthy intact skin are [Pg.469]

It is important to use different doses of a chemical or drug to evaluate chemical safety vis-a-vis skin toxicity. Dose levels to be tested for acute dermal toxicity in animals should be sufficient in number, (e.g., three or more and spaced appropriately to produce test groups with a range of toxic effects and mortality rates). The data should permit an acceptable determination of LD50. [Pg.470]

Before administration of the test substance, selected healthy, young adult animals are acclimated to laboratory conditions for at least 5 days. Before the test, animals are randomized and assigned to treating groups. Approximately 24 hours before the test, the fur on the skin should be clipped or shaved from the dorsal area of the trunk of the test animal. Care must be taken to avoid abrading the skin, which could alter the permeability of the test chemical through the skin. Approximately 10% of the body surface area should be prepared for application of the test chemical. [Pg.470]

M-Pyrol Is readily absorbed through the skin and shows dermal toxicity of approxim itely the same magnitude as oral toxicity. [Pg.783]


Health and Safety Factors. Animal-feeding studies of DMPPO itself have shown it to be nontoxic on ingestion. The solvents, catalyst, and monomers that are used to prepare the polymers, however, should be handled with caution. Eor example, for the preparation of DMPPO, the amines used as part of the catalyst are flammable toxic on ingestion, absorption, and inhalation and are also severe skin and respiratory irritants (see Amines). Toluene, a solvent for DMPPO, is not a highly toxic material in inhalation testing the TLV (71) is set at 375 mg/m, and the lowest toxic concentration is reported to be 100—200 ppm (72). Toxicity of 2,6-dimethylphenol is typical of alkylphenols (qv), eg, for mice, the acute dermal toxicity is LD q, 4000 mg/kg, whereas the acute oral toxicity is LD q, 980 mg/kg (73). The Noryl blends of DMPPO and polystyrene have PDA approval for reuse food apphcations. [Pg.331]

Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol A. The Hquid DGEBPA-based resins exhibit low acute toxicity with a single-dose oral LD q value in rats of >2000 mg/kg (40). The potential for absorption of DGEBPA through the skin in acutely toxic amounts is low. LD q values of >800 mg/kg for acute dermal toxicity have been obtained from studies using both the pure and commercial DGEBPA (41,42). [Pg.369]

Skinner CS, Kilgore WW. 1982a. Acute dermal toxicities of various organophosphate insecticides in mice. J Toxicol Environ Health 9 491-497. [Pg.231]

Acute-Duration Exposure. Acute oral LD50 data are available for mice and rats (Hart 1976) and for ducks (Aulerich et al. 1979). Acute oral toxicity studies, including histopathological observations, are available for ducks, mice, rats, dogs, and mink (Aulerich et al. 1979 Hardisty et al. 1977 Hart 1976, 1980). Limited acute dermal toxicity are available for rats (Hart 1976). These data suggest a relatively low toxicity. However, a clear relationship between dose and effect has not been elucidated. Inhalation data of any kind were not identified, and dermal data were very limited. [Pg.105]

Mineral Oil Hydraulic Fluids. No human studies examining dermal end points were located. In animals, no information on dermal effects following inhalation or oral exposure were located. A number of mineral oil hydraulic fluids have been tested for acute dermal toxicity in rabbits. Signs of skin irritation have been observed following application of a naphthenic petroleum-based hydraulic fluid designated as MIL-H-5606... [Pg.203]

Hexachloroethane caused reversible corneal injury in rabbits following ocular contact, but contact with the skin for 24 hours resulted in no dermal effects (Weeks et al. 1979). The physical properties of hexachloroethane suggest that absorption across human skin would be limited (Fiserova-Bergerova et al. 1990). Therefore, unless dermal absorption studies indicate that this prediction is incorrect, there is no need for additional studies of acute dermal toxicity. [Pg.105]

Acute dermal toxicity To determine the potential acute toxicity-lethality following a single dermal dose... [Pg.493]

API. 1979a. Acute dermal toxicity API 78-3 2 home heating oil (10% cat). Washington, DC American Petroleum Institute. Project no. 1443-D. [Pg.164]

Acute Dermal Toxicity (Updated Guideline, adopted 24 February 1987)... [Pg.20]

Acute Dermal Toxicity - Fixed Dose Procedure, Draft New Guideline (May 2004)... [Pg.22]

Acute dermal toxicity is the adverse effects occurring within a short time of dermal application of a single dose of a test substance. The duration of exposure in the OECD TG 402 is 24 h, at the end of which residual test substance should be removed. [Pg.108]

The following draft guidelines are being developed by the OECD TG 433 (Acute Inhalation Toxicity-Fixed Concentration Procedure), TG 434 (Acute Dermal Toxicity-Fixed Dose Procedure),... [Pg.108]

In animals azinophos-methyl has an acute oral toxicity similar to that of parathion, although the acute dermal toxicity is less than that of parathion. ... [Pg.64]

The LCso in rats was 101 ppm for 6 hours. Repeated exposure of rats to 31.3 ppm, 6 hours/day, 5 days/week, for 12 exposures caused no signs of mucous membrane irritation. The acute dermal toxicity is low, with the dermal LDso in guinea pigs being greater than lOml/kg. [Pg.464]

Acute dermal toxicity 28-day dermal toxicity Dermal irritation Eye irritation Venous irritation Muscle irritation Intra-arterial tolerance Guinea pig maximization Phototoxicity Ototoxicity... [Pg.38]

LDS0 Dosage or amount of an active ingredient which, when taken by mouth or absorbed by the skin, kills half of the test animals exposed an expression used to measure acute oral or acute dermal toxicity. [Pg.244]

Acute dermal toxicity-LDso-uses rabbits... [Pg.13]

There is a listing of dermal LDso values in animals for a number of organotin compounds (Smith 1978). A dermal LDso in rabbits was reported to be 11,700 mg/kg bis(tributyltin)oxide (Elsea and Paynter 1958). For rats, an LDso of 605 mg/kg is given (Smith 1978). Despite variations in values for other compounds such as benzoates, naphthenates, and fluorides, the acute dermal toxicity of organotin compounds is generally less than by the oral route. The LDso values for representative species in the acute- and intermediate-duration category are recorded in Table 2-4. Doses are expressed as mg/kg/day compound rather than as doses of tin. [Pg.89]

Toxicity The acute oral toxicity of atrazine in rats is 2,850 mg/kg, and the acute dermal toxicity in rabbits is 7,550 mg/kg. The acute inhalation LC50 (1 hour) in rats is greater 167 mg/L. Atrazine did not cause any primary irritation in rabbits, although it caused eye irritation in rabbits.17 A carcinogenicity study of mice exposed to atrazine through diet (82 ppm) for 18 months is sketchy and requires more confirmatory data.23,24... [Pg.162]

At the end of the exposure period, the residual test chemical should be removed, using (if necessary) water or an appropriate solvent. The observation period for acute dermal toxicity in the animals should be at least 14 days. For clinical examination and pathology, the parameters tested for acute oral toxicity may be followed. [Pg.470]


See other pages where Acute Dermal Toxicity is mentioned: [Pg.360]    [Pg.304]    [Pg.147]    [Pg.209]    [Pg.542]    [Pg.239]    [Pg.84]    [Pg.492]    [Pg.515]    [Pg.516]    [Pg.106]    [Pg.26]    [Pg.109]    [Pg.109]    [Pg.127]    [Pg.79]    [Pg.20]    [Pg.209]    [Pg.360]    [Pg.369]    [Pg.70]    [Pg.186]    [Pg.188]    [Pg.469]    [Pg.471]   


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