Suspected causes

When the relationship between the distribution coefficient of a solute and solvent composition, or the corrected retention volume and solvent composition, was evaluated for aqueous solvent mixtures, it was found that the simple relationship identified by Purnell and Laub and Katz et al. no longer applied. The suspected cause for the failure was the strong association between the solvent and water. As a consequence, the mixture was not binary in nature but, in fact, a ternary system. An aqueous solution of methanol, for example, contained methanol, water and methanol associated with water. It follows that the prediction of the net distribution coefficient or net retention volume for a ternary system would require the use of three distribution coefficients one representing the distribution of the solute between the stationary phase and water, one representing that between the stationary phase and methanol and one between the stationary phase and the methanol/water associate. Unfortunately, as the relative amount of association varies with the initial... 

The people most knowledgeable about a particular task are the people who perform it every day. Their help is essential for reducing the associated risks. Continuous feedback from the worker will provide the framework for improvements to the job. This feedback can only be fostered in an atmosphere of trust. If an incident occurs in which human error is a suspected cause, man-... 

Four pilot plant experiments were conducted at 300 psig and up to 475°C maximum temperature in a 3.07-in. i.d. adiabatic hot gas recycle methanation reactor. Two catalysts were used parallel plates coated with Raney nickel and precipitated nickel pellets. Pressure drop across the parallel plates was about 1/15 that across the bed of pellets. Fresh feed gas containing 75% H2 and 24% CO was fed at up to 3000/hr space velocity. CO concentrations in the product gas ranged from less than 0.1% to 4%. Best performance was achieved with the Raney-nickel-coated plates which yielded 32 mscf CHh/lb Raney nickel during 2307 hrs of operation. Carbon and iron deposition and nickel carbide formation were suspected causes of catalyst deactivation. 

In 1960, there were 102 known elements in the periodic table. Since 1960, a significant amount of nuclear research has been done. As of 1997, there were 112 elements in the periodic table. What do you suspect caused the increase in the number of elements ... 

The two most important environmental hazards faced by humankind today are air pollution and global warming. Both have a direct link with our current overdependence on fossil fuels. Pollutants produced from combustion of hydrocarbons now cause even more health problems due to the urbanization of world population. The net increase in environmental carbon dioxide from combustion is a suspect cause for global warming, which is endangering the Earth—the only known place to support human life. In addition, the import of expensive hydrocarbon fuel has become a heavy burden on many countries, causing political and economic unrest. 

In Table 1 (pp. 251-254), IM rate constants for reaction systems that have been measured at both atmospheric pressure and in the HP or LP range are listed. Also provided are the expected IM collision rate constants calculated from either Langevin or ADO theory. (Note that the rate constants of several IM reactions that have been studied at atmospheric pressure" are not included in Table I because these systems have not been studied in the LP or HP ranges.) In general, it is noted that pressure-related differences in these data sets are not usually large. Where significant differences are noted, the suspected causes have been previously discussed in Section IIB. These include the reactions of Hcj and Ne with NO , for which pressure-enhanced reaction rates have been attributed to the onset of a termolecular collision mechanism at atmospheric pressure and the reactions of Atj with NO and Cl with CHjBr , for which pressure-enhanced rate constants have been attributed to the approach of the high-pressure limit of kinetic behavior for these reaction systems. 

The basic principle of the method is simple. A cohort of patients with the disease in question is identified, and then a cohort of patients without the disease (usually two to three times as many) is matched with respect to a number of critical characteristics and used as the control group. Differences between the two groups with respect to exposure to the suspected causative agent are then measured. A major advantage is that uncommon or rare conditions are accessible to study, which is not the case for cohort studies or for computerised systems, where the total number of patients available is less than the several millions that might be needed. 

Be highly active against the (suspected) causative organism... 

What do you suspect caused the erratic driving, and what additional tests would you suggest be performed ... 

Ot and photo-oxidants Pulmonary oedema, emphysema, asthma, eye. nose, and throat irritation, reduced lung capacity. Vegetation damage, necrosis of leaves and pines, stunting of growth, photosynthesis inhibitor, probable cause of forest die-back, suspected cause of crop loss. Attack and destruction of natural rubber and polymers, textiles and materials. 

The concept of ecological disturbance evaluations (EDEs) is another approach to address causation. EDE is conceptually comparable to TIE and BDF. As with TIE and BDF, which are used to identify chemicals responsible for toxicity in whole effluents and contaminated sediments, an EDE is applied after an impact has been detected in a community. The EDE uses an integrated index (e.g., index of biotic integrity), or other metric, allowing the researcher to extract information that might represent a response signature for the suspected cause of the impact. 

The difficulty encountered in evaluating these integrals originates primarily from the round-off errors caused by a finite number of bits available (64 bits, 128 bits, etc.) in the computer work. I call it the digit-deficiency (or d-d) problem. Although this was the suspected cause from the beginning, it was clearly identified by comparing our numerical work [57] with the result obtained by the Pade approximant method [56],... 

What are the environmental effects of this heavy use of pesticides (insecticides and herbicides) After heavy rains on the island, large numbers of dead fish have been found in the ocean, and washed up on the shore near the potato farms. The suspected cause is the leaching of sodium arsenite and other pesticides used in the potato fields. Sodium arsenate is a chemical used to kill both weeds and insects. If the poisoning of the ocean waters continues, Prince Edward Island s unique seafood industry will come to an end. 

In a fatality where cyclobenzaprine was the suspected cause of death, the following postmortem tissue concentrations were reported blood 0.46 ig/ml, bile 12.0 pg/ml, liver 12.4 jag/g, urine 3.2 pg/ml low concentrations of morphine and diazepam were also detected (B. K. Beck and T. Lamoreaux, Bull. ini. Ass.forens. Toxicol, 1979, 74(3), 27). 

Immediate withdrawal of suspected causative agents appears to improve outcome and survival in SJS. The condition is treated similarly to OCR Although still controversial, the use of systemic steroids and, in some instances of severe disease, immunosuppressive agents has been successful. Tetracycline and fluoroquinolone antibiotics may be used to combat any secondary infections of the bullous regions of the epidermis. Fluid and electrolyte levels must be monitored to assess potential dehydration secondary to the skin lesions, and intravenous fluids should be administered as necessary. 

The degradation products of androgenous steroids are a further suspected cause of such febrile episodes, since severe fever could be induced by i.m. injection of aetiocholanolone (3a-hydroxy-5p-H-androstane-17-on) (A. Kappas et af, 1957). In 1958 P. K. Bondy et al. for the first time detected an increase in aetiocholanolone in the plasma of patients with unexplained fever episodes, and thus they coined the term aetiocholanolone fever. Other steroids of the 5p-H configuration also revealed this pyrogenic feature. Aetiocholanolone may be the product of disturbed hepatocellular metabolism. Further observations and examinations have meanwhile been reported. (51, 136)... 

In 13 patients with the pecuhar yellow nail syndrome, bucillamine was the suspected cause in 7 (14). 

In two large, randomized controlled trials in 977 patients, the adverse effects associated with ciclosporin ophthalmic emulsion for the treatment of dry eye disease were minimal and consisted mostly of mild ocular burning and stinging (46). However, topical application of ciclosporin eye-drops was the suspected cause of severe visual loss with bilateral white comeal deposits in a 45-year-old patient with dry eye sjmdrome caused by graft-versus-host disease (47). Infrared spectroscopy and X-ray analysis suggested that the deposits contained ciclosporin. A reduction in tear clearance and compromised epithelial barrier function caused by the concomitant use of oxybu-procaine may have precipitated this adverse effect. 

Aztreonam was the suspected cause of toxic epidermal necrolysis in two patients undergoing bone marrow transplantations (11). Graft-versus-host disease seemed a less likely diagnosis of the cutaneous manifestations. 

Marckmann P, SkovL, Rossen K, Dupont A, Damholt MB, HeafJG,Thomsen HS Nephrogenic systemic fibrosis Suspected causative role of gadodiamide used for contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. J Am Soc Nephro/17 2359-2362, 2006. 

The sensitivity of the hydraulic conductivity and other transport properties of discontinua (fractured media) to normal stress is typically substantially greater than that of continua (unfractured media). The stress-sensitivity has been demonstrated in numerous studies of fracture flow (e.g.. Gale, 1982). Natural fractures are a suspected cause of anisotropic water-flooding with a maximum rate of flood front advance approximately in the direction of the maximum horizontal stress (Heffer and Dowokpor, 1990). Natural fractures were recognised as significantly contributing to Clair well productivity (Coney et al., 1993). These fractures are aligned with the present day direction of the maximum horizontal stress in at least one of the wells in the Clair Field. 

Scorecard is an online database that contains lists of 12 different adverse health effects. These include lists of chemicals that are (a) recognized and (b) suspected causative agents. Scorecard also provides links to comprehensive profiles for each chemical and summarizes the references that document that chemical s association with a health hazardThe lists contained in scorecard include ... 

More dramatic in terms of suspected causes of accidents have been chemical species arising from the incompatibilities of lead azide, environmental species, and the metal components in fuze trains. Copper azide is notorious in this respect however, it is but the most spectacular of potentially hazardous substances which have been sought or detected in the presence of azides in storage. 

The suspected cause precedes the disease. Even though this is self-evident, it can be overlooked when interpreting findings from certain observational studies. 

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a class of compounds that contain two or more fused benzene rings. They are environmental pollutants and the most ubiquitous, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), has been upgraded by the International Agency for Research on Cancer to a Group 1 or known human carcinogen [1]. PAHs are products of fossil fuel combustion they are a component of fine particulate matter (size 2.5pm) and as a consequence contaminate the air we breathe, the soil and water supply, and enter the food chain [2, 3]. They are also introduced artificially into smoked, cured, and barbecued food [4, 5], Finally, they are present as a complex mixture in tobacco smoke and second-hand smoke, and are suspect causative agents in human lung cancer [6]. 

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