Second hand smoke

When episodes of acute otitis media are frequent, preventive measures are recommended, BII-BIII including handwashing and limiting exposure to daycare, pacifiers, and second-hand smoke. 

According to the last part of the third paragraph, second-hand smoke can increase the risk of allergic sensitization in children. 

Sureda X, Fu M, Jose Lopez M, Martinez-Sanchez JM et al (2009) Second-hand smoke in hospitals in Catalonia (2009) a cross-sectional study measuring PM2.5 and vapor-phase nicotine. Environ Res 110 750-755... 

Selvavinayagam TS (2010) Air nicotine monitoring study at Chennai, Tamil Nadu to assess the level of exposure to second hand smoke in public places. Indian J Commun Med 35 186-188... 

Second-hand smoke Mold and mildew Household waste Household products ... 

Second hand marijuana smoke in a car can cause you to fail the next day (Nightbyrd). It is possible that second hand [marijuana] smoke will raise someone to the 50 ng/mL level however, extreme exposure is required. For instance, a closed car full of pot smokers and a non-smoker may render the non-smoker positive for both urinalysis and the hair test, provided that they are sealed in the car for a while. The Army did a case study where volunteers were put in a room pumped full of smoke for an hour, five times daily. Subjects started testing positive after the second day. The non-smoker would have to take in virtually as much second hand smoke as a smoker inhales. Non-smokers are safe in a ventilated area, as long as they don t get a hair test. According to Clinton, simply blowing crack smoke on ones hair may cause a positive hair test. Second hand pot smoke doesn t affect the hair test results as much as crack smoke does mainly because exhaled smoke contains no THC. The only pot smoke that contains THC is the smoke that hasn t entered the lungs. 

ENVIRONMENTAL TOBACCO SMOKE (ETS) Also called passive or second hand smoke, ETS is the combination of the smoke arising from smoldering tobacco together with exhaled smoke and is responsible for extensive health problems in smokers and nonsmokers alike. 

The personal consequences of nicotine dependence are clearly the potentially life threatening illnesses that tobacco causes. Additional negative consequences become evident as tobacco use becomes less socially acceptable. Unlike the use of other recreational drugs or alcohol, tobacco use does not alter consciousness or cause escape from social responsibility. Therefore, until recently, smoking was regarded as a matter of personal choice. The links between second-hand smoke and disease in nonsmokers altered that view. Smokers often must face isolation and the outdoor elements to avoid exposing family, friends, and coworkers to second-hand smoke. Even then, they may face negative feedback from those around them. 

Older children may be exposed to CDDs if they smoke cigarettes. Younger children and infants may be exposed by inhaling the second-hand smoke from their parents or other adult smokers. Parents should talk to their children about the dangers of smoking cigarettes. 

As an MCS patient, make sure you never inhale cigarette smoke (including second-hand smoke). Cigarette smoke contains some four thousand chemicals that your body would then attempt to process. Cigarette smoke can be so irritating to your mucous membranes and lungs as to leave you with small infections. Every exposure can lead to a deterioration of your condition and increase the number of substances to which you react sensitively. 

Second-hand smoke harms the people around you. ... 

Exposure to tobacco in several forms is associated with an increased risk of cancer in addition, several active ingredients, such as nicotine, have been demonstrated to be addictive. Tobacco smoke is a significant indoor air pollutant. It includes 4000 components, some regulated as human carcinogens. Second-hand smoke is a particular concern for children s health and is not only associated with an increase in lifetime risk of cancer, but an increased risk of developing respiratory conditions such as bronchitis, pneumonia, and asthma. 

Cotinine is the major metabolite of nicotine and is useful for the determination of tobacco smoke exposure. In this case, the test is designed to detect exposure to second hand smoke. Active smokers generally have very high levels of cotinine in their body fluids, and subjects exposed to second-hand smoke are expected to show considerably reduced levels of cotinine. To further define the test, saliva is used as the sample. This further complicates testing, as saliva is a complex mixture of mucous-submandibular gland fluids (-75%) and low viscosity-parotid gland fluids (-25%). The test kit will thus need a collection device that reliably delivers the oral fluid sample to the lateral flow test sample loading pad. 

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) represent a class of compounds that contain two or more fused benzene rings. They are environmental pollutants and the most ubiquitous, benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), has been upgraded by the International Agency for Research on Cancer to a Group 1 or known human carcinogen [1]. PAHs are products of fossil fuel combustion they are a component of fine particulate matter (size 2.5pm) and as a consequence contaminate the air we breathe, the soil and water supply, and enter the food chain [2, 3]. They are also introduced artificially into smoked, cured, and barbecued food [4, 5], Finally, they are present as a complex mixture in tobacco smoke and second-hand smoke, and are suspect causative agents in human lung cancer [6]. 

Figure 18, Breath acetonitrile concentrations before and after exposure to second hand smoke. PTR-MS was used to measure breath acetonitrile concentrations in two individuals before and after exposure to second hand cigarette smoke in a room where acetonitrile concentrations in air were also measured. The calculated levels of breath acetonitrile (see text) are also shown. Data replotted from Ref. [87].

Chronic bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchi that persists for a long period of time or repeatedly occurs. It is a form of COPD. Smoking is the main cause for bronchitis. Second-hand smoke may also cause chronic bronchitis. Air pollution, infection, and allergies make it worse. Patients who develop chronic bronchitis have excess mucous production that irritates the bronchial causing the patient to have a persistent productive cough. 

Oral supplementation with NAC might be a prudent recommendation for smokers or individuals constantly exposed to second-hand smoke. 

M. Oberg, M.S. Jaakkola, A. Woodward, et al., Worldwide burden of disease fiom exposure to second-hand smoke a retrospective analysis of data from 192 countries. Lancet 377 (9760) (2011) 139-146. 

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