Lungs capacity

Total lung capacity (TLC) Total volume of air that can be contained within... 

For example, exposure to the air toxin benzene catr increase the risk of getting myelogenous leukemia or aplastic anemia, while exposure to ground-level ozone can cause a 15 to 20 percent decrease in lung capacity in some healthy adults. 

The combustion products from sulfur Impurities In coal are particularly damaging to the environment. In humans, prolonged exposure to sulfur dioxide diminishes lung capacity and aggravates respiratory problems such as asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema. Concentrations as low as 0.15 ppm can incapacitate persons with these diseases, and at about 5 ppm everyone experiences breathing difficulties. In 1952 a particularly serious episode of SO2 pollution In London caused approximately 4000 deaths over several days. 

Define functional residual capacity, inspiratory capacity, total lung capacity, and vital capacity... 

The four standard lung capacities consist of two or more lung volumes in combination (see Figure 17.4) ... 

Chronic bronchitis, emphysema, reduced lung capacity, and increased incidence of deaths from respiratory disease among workers occupationally exposed... 

Decrease in lung capacity, alveolar volume, and diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide values remained depressed for at least 72 h after last exposure. Persistent inflammation of proximal portion of alveolar ducts and adjacent alveoli. 

The breathing cycle for meditation is as follows. Empty your lungs, then inhale deeply to a count of four. Hold the breath for a count of two, then exhale completely to a count of four. Retain the tightened diaphragm for two counts, then inhale to a count of four. This number-count should be your own, matched to your lungs capacity. One person s breath cycle may be quicker than another s. Listen to your breath cycle. It should be almost inaudible. If your breath cycle is noisy, it is not being performed correctly. The remedy is to slow the cycle down. Once you are seated for meditation, establish this breath cycle of four-two-four. Once you have consciously performed it for six full cycles of inhalation and exhalation, then dismiss it from the mind and mentally move on to the next phase of the meditation. 

Most lung volumes can be measured with a spirometer except total lung capacity (TLC), functional residual capacity (FRC) and residual volume (RV). The FRC can be measured by helium dilution or body plethysmography. 

Diffusing lung capacity Normal Decreased Decreased Normal or... 

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