Androgenic steroids

Host-derived (e.g., antigen-antibody complexes, activated complement fragments, inflammatory bile acids, urate crystals, certain androgenic steroid metabolites [e.g., etiocholanolone], certain lymphocyte products)... 

Anabolic Agents—includes anabolic androgenic steroids such as stanozolol and other... 

Pause, B. M. (2004) Are androgen steroids acting as pheromones in humans Physiol. Behav. 83, 21-29. 

Pope, H. G., and Katz, D. L. 1994. Psychiatric and medical effects of anabolic-androgenic steroid use. Archives of General Psychiatry 51 375—382. 

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is an immune-mediated disease in which immunoglobulin, either as antibody directed against platelet antigens or nonspecifically bound to platelets, is present in increased quantities on platelets. This leads to increased destruction of platelets and, in many instances, megakaryocytes. Standard treatment consists of corticosteroids and splenectomy (72). When these measures fail, treatment may include androgenic steroids, administration of intravenous 7-globulin, or injection of vinca alkaloids. 

Melrose, D. R., Reed, H. C. B., and Patterson, R. L. S. (1971). Androgen steroids associated with boar odour as an aid to the detection of oestrus in pig artificial insemination. British Veterinary Journal 127,497-502. 

Sorensen, P. W., Stacey, N. E., and Kara, T. J. (1990b). Acute olfactory sensitivity and specificity of mature male goldfish to water borne androgenic steroids a class of inhibitory pheromones. Chemical Senses 15,644. 

Certain medicines may not be imported under the personal importation provisions, including drugs of abuse, such as narcotics, amphetamines and psychotropic substances, and anabolic substances, androgenic steroids and treatments for alcohol and drug addiction. There are also controls over certain other medicines including erythropoietin, growth hormones and gonadotrophins. 

Androgenic steroids are used in medicine for replacement therapy in men with insufficient function of the male sex glands, for maturation arrest, impotency, climacteric, and other irregularities, and in women for breast and ovarian cancer and climacteric disorders. Like all steroid drugs, androgens are functionalized derivatives of cyclopentanophenan-threne. 

Androgenic Steroids Used Primariiy for Androgen Repiacement... 

O Sullivan A.J., M.C. Kennedy, J.H. Casey, R.O. Day, B. Corrigan, and A.D. Wodak (2000). Anabolic androgenic steroids Medicinal assessment of present, past and potential users. Medical Journal of Australia 173 323-327. 

Surges in testosterone and other androgenic steroids during critical periods in fetal development are known... 

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) used as drugs of abuse... 

Figure 12.1 Anabolic-androgenic steroids, such as Depo -Testosterone, are often injected directly into muscle tissue. In teens, steroid use can slow or halt bone growth and damage the heart, kidneys, and liver.

Anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS), which are analogs of the male hormone testosterone, are used among athletes and bodybuilders. AAS alter the hormonal systems of males and females, and induce many adverse effects. In addition to the sex-related changes, violent behavior and psychological dependence can also occur. The use of AAS in professional sports as well as in high school sports has aroused considerable attention. 

NIDA for Teens Facts on Drugs, Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids. http //teens.drugabuse.gov/facts/ facts sterl.asp. 

The patterns of anabolic-androgenic steroid use by sportspeople and body-builders, and their physical and psychological side-effects and dependence potential, have been very well reviewed by Brower (2002). Much of the use is by injection, and so many of this population attend needle exchanges, with the advice on reducing infection risks relevant. To increase energy, burn fat and to go through the pain barrier some will use amphetamines and opiates, either street preparations or illicit pharmaceutical supplies. In the UK the opioid nalbuphine (Nubain) has been abused in this way and, in cases where dependence becomes established, detoxification treatments can be necessary. 

The use of androgenic steroids is contraindicated in pregnant women or women who may become pregnant during the course of therapy. 

Antidrug Abuse Act (1988) - This and similar state laws established criminal penalites for the distribution or possession of anabolic-androgen steroids except for the treatment of disease. Violators are subject to the penalities imposed by the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970 (see below). 

Boldenone (17 -boldenone) is an androgenic steroid with known anabolic properties. As the oxidation of 17-ol to 17-one steroids is a recurring pathway both in vivo and in vitro, boldenone studies in cattle liver microsomes performed in vitro showed that the most prominent metabolite formed was androst-l,4-diene-3,17-dione 111). Not long ago, it was assumed drat the presence of boldenone or its main metabolite in the urine implied illegal administration of this steroid to the animal. Evidence has been recently presented that the presence of only the boldenone metabolite in urine cannot be taken as a proof of the illegal use of tills compound because boldenone is a naturally occurring steroid in urine of cattle (12). Nevertheless, the presence of 17 -boldenone in urine at levels above... 

Use of androgenic steroids is likely to produce a sensation of energy and euphoria, but also with a tendency to sleeplessness and irritability (1). More extreme changes in mental state can result in extreme swings in mood, ranging from depression to aggressive elation. An unusual complication in one case was a toxic confusional state and choreiform movements caused by an anabolic steroid (SED-12, 1038) (29), but it may have been due to the non-specific results of endocrine stress in a susceptible individual. 

Not surprisingly, azoospermia is a classic consequence of intensive use of anabolic androgenic steroids, and it can be reflected in sterility. A well-documented case has shown that in at least some cases the condition can be reversed and fertility restored by treatment with gonadotrophins (HMG and HCG) (89). 

Copeland J, Peters R, Dillon P. Anabolic-androgenic steroid use disorders among a sample of Australian... 

Thiblin I, Petersson A. Pharmacoepidemiology of anabolic androgenic steroids a review. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2005 19 27-44. 

Thiblin I, Runeson B, Rajs J. Anabolic androgenic steroids and suicide. Ann Clin Psychiatry 1999 11(4) 223-31. 

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