ADIPATE COPOLYMER

PBS Copolymerization has been used to improve its properties, such as poly(ethylene terephthalate-c< -l, 4-butylene succinate) block copolymers Darwin et al. (2003), Jin et al. (2000b, c, d, 2001) Generally blended with other polyesters and compounds, such as PLA, PEO, protein, starch (TPS), and adipate copolymers Aamcr et al. (2008), (Jiua et al. (2003), Harada et al. (2007), U et al. (2008a, b)... 

PBS polybutylene succinate, PBSA polybutylene succinate adipate copolymer, PES poly(ethylene succinate)... 

Fig. 26 Biodegradation of PBSA copolymers in activated sludge a PBS, b Polyfbutylenes succinate-co-5 mol% butylene adipate) copolymer (PBSA-5), c Poly(butylenes succdnate-co-lO mol% butylene adipate) copolymer (PBSA-10), d PBSA-15, e PBSA-20 (Ding 2002)...

Conventional PE, PP, PS, PET, PVC Poly(caprolactone), poly(butylene succinate/adipate), copolymers of poly(butylene succinate)... 

Samperi, F., Battiato, S., Puglisi, C., Scamporrino, A., Ambrogi, V., et al. (2011) Combined techniques for the characterization of linear-hyperbranched hybrid poly (Butylene Adipate) copolymers. J. Polym. Science Part a-Polym. Chem., 49, 3615-3630. 

Fig. 5.9 Plot of l/Tm against -IhXa for copolyamides and copolyesters. A, NJ J -sebacoyl piperazine/isophttialoyl piperazine copolymer(67) B, decamethylene adipate/ decamethylene isophthalate copolymer (from Evans, Mighton, and Flory (58)) C, caproamide-hexamethylene adipamide copolymer (from Sonnerskog (60)), D, ethylene terephthalate-ethylene adipate copolymers (from Edgar and Ellery (59)X...

Bionolle Poly(butylene succinate-co-adipate) copolymers Showa Highpolymer, www.shp.co.jp Industrial compost... 

In the case of the Vulkollan rubbers the hardness is adjusted by varying the ratio of two polyesters, one polyethylene adipate and the other a polyethylene/propylene adipate copolymer and/or by varying the amount of diol or by use of some trifunctional hydroxy compound such as trimethylol propane in part replacement of the diol. 

Currently, PBSU and polybutylene succinate adipate copolymer are commercially available and PESU and polyethylene succinate adipate copolymer are imder development but not yet commercial. Table 6.6 compares the basic properties of commercial grades of Bionolle ... 

PBS has properties similar to PET. It has a crystallinity of 35 5%, a glass transition temperature of —32 °C and a melt temperature of 114-115 °C. PBS is generally blended with other compounds, such as starch and adipate copolymers (to form PBSA). PBSA has a crystallinity of 20-35%, a Tg of —45 °C and a Tm of 93-95 °C. Its properties are close to those of LDPE (linear low density polyethylene). 

Fig. 3. Melting point versus composition for polyamide copolymers. The comonomers employed are adipic acid, forming adipamide copolymers (O), and...

Polyaddition reactions based on isocyanate-terminated poly(ethylene glycol)s and subsequent block copolymerization with styrene monomer were utilized for the impregnation of wood [54]. Hazer [55] prepared block copolymers containing poly(ethylene adipate) and po-ly(peroxy carbamate) by an addition of the respective isocyanate-terminated prepolymers to polyazoesters. By both bulk and solution polymerization and subsequent thermal polymerization in the presence of a vinyl monomer, multiblock copolymers could be formed. 

Recently, various polyesters such as poly(ethylene adipate), poly(tetramethylene adipate), poly(caprolac-tone), and poly(aliphatic carbonate), having terminal hydroxyl groups, were reacted with ACPC to give corresponding macroazoesters and their thermal behaviors were observed by DSC [14]. The block copolymers of these polycondensation polymers with addition polymers such as PSt and PMMA were synthesized [14]. 

PA-6,6 is made from the relatively expensive materials hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid. An alternative synthesis of PA-6,6 from adiponitrile and hexamethylene diamine utilizing water is under investigation.16 PA-6 can be synthesized in a continuous process at atmospheric pressure, but reaction times are very long as the ring-opening initiation step is particularly slow. The reaction time can be shortened considerably by carrying out prepolymerization in the presence of excess water at pressure however, this makes the continuous polymerization process more complex. Copolymers with amide units of uniform length (diamides) are relatively new the diamide units are able to crystallize easily and have a thermally stable crystalline structure. 

Ethane linkages, 407 Ethene linkages, 407 Ethylene adipates, 212 Ethylene-CO copolymer, 460 Ethylene copolymers, 446 Ethylene glycol (EG), 13, 64. See also EG polyester synthesis depolymerization with, 559 repolymerization of, 561-562 Ethylene oxide (EO) polyols, 211... 

Heterocyclic block copolymers, 282-284 Heterocyclic diamines, rigid, 281 Heterocyclic polymers, structure-property relationships in, 273-274 Heterocyclic ring formation, PQ and PPQ synthesis by, 309-310 Hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (HTMAB), 549-550 Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 199, 210. See also HDI trimer Hexamethylenediamine-adipic acid salt, 169, 170... 

Copolymers are polymers made up of more than one type of repeating unit (Fig. 19.14). One example is nylon-66, in which the repeating units are formed from 1,6-diaminohexane, H2N(CH2)(lNH2, and adipic acid, HOOC(CH2)4COOH. They form an alternating copolymer, in which acid and amine monomers alternate. 

Poly(unsaturated ester)-siloxane segmented copolymers have been prepared by the polycondensation of epoxy-terminated polydimethylsiloxanes and carboxy-terminated poly(ethylene adipate-co-maleate) oligomers 243). Reactions have been conducted in cellosolve solvent, at 140-150 °C, in the presence of 2% by weight potassium hydroxide catalyst. The molecular weights reported were fairly low. The same group has also prepared poly(hexamethylene adipate)-polydimethylsiloxane copolymers con-... 

Step polymerisations tend to be carried out using two different bifunctional molecules so that these give rise to molecules which are essentially copolymers. For example, nylon 6,6 is prepared from hexamethylenediamine and adipic acid it thus consists of alternating residues along the polymer chain and may be thought of as an alternating copolymer. 

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