Standardization documents

Chapter 10 discussed test methods of interest in cellular plastics and related materials from a general point of view and listed industry, government, British and International (ISO) standards in a number of relevant subject areas. This chapter will list published specifications (139) and test methods (116) used in the United States, in addition to British Standards (28) and ISO International Standards (40). United States industry standards inlcude ASTM Test Methods (116), ASTM Practices, Guides, Definitions, Terminologies and Abbreviations (24), ASTM Specifications (23), SAE-AMS Specifications (25), and Underwriters Laboratories Standards (1). U.S. Government standards covered include Military Specifications (67), Military Standards (S), Federal Standards (2), Military Handbooks (6), and Federal Specifications (24). Most of these standards are undergoing frequent revision and unused standards are constantly being withdrawn. A total of 361 standards are covered. 

In the case of ASTM Standards the responsible ASTM Committee, such as D-20 in Plastics, is listed when known, along with each entry. Other ASTM Committees listed are as follows  

D-4 on Road Paving Materials D-9 on Electrical Insulating Materials D-10 on Packaging D-11 on Rubber E-S on Fire Standards E-10 on Nuclear Technology E-21 on Space Simulation and Applications of Space Technology E-28 on Mechanical Testing E-33 on Aerospace and Aircraft F-17 on Plastic Piping Systems G-3 on Durability of Nonmetallic Materials 

Many ASTM and AMS standards have been adopted by the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) for inclusion in the Department of Defense Index of Specifications and Standards (DODISS). As such, they can be used in military procurement. Such documents are so indicated by the notation (DOD Adopted). Documents not so indictated may be DOD Adopted at a later date, since such possible acceptance is constantly being reviewed. Federal Supply Classification (FSQ numbers and Preparing Activity codes are given for all DOD-Adopted ASTM and 

AMS standards and for all Military and Federal standardization documents (specifications, standards, handbooks) and DOD Adopted industry standards when known. 

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In many industries, rule books have a tendency to become enshrined as policy statements, either for internal or external regulatory purposes. Unfortunately, the format that is appropriate for a regulatory or standards document is unlikely to fulfill the requirements of an effective operating instruction or procedure to provide assistance in carrying out a task effectively. 

Landrock, Specifications and Other Standardization Documents Involving Cellular Plastics (Plastic Foams), Cushioning and Related Ma-... 

Each working group has a corresponding chairperson who champions requests for proposals (RPPs) from any interested parties. The working group members identify key needs and help with the building of RPPs from a boilerplate standard document issued by the OMG. Anyone can submit a letter of intent (LOI) to respond to a RPP however, to become a submitter, the... 

For example, one of our clients in the telecommunications industry recently built a business model. In that world, all the manufacturers and operators adhere to several standards. So some of the client s model was determined by what the standards say and will have to be updated whenever the standards change in other words, it imports the industry-standard virtual packages. So our client s business model contains definitions of the standardized concepts (or at least its interpretations of them) along with all its own definitions. Because there were not yet arty UML versions of these standards, we simply consider the standards documents to be part of an implicit virtual package and proceed to virtually import it. 

Existing procedures, standards documents, software, and user manuals. When these exist, they should be consulted. But keep in mind that procedures as written often do not reflect the actual operations. User manuals for existing systems are a rich source of information. They act as a key input to reverse-engineering an abstract model of a system and therefore of a business. 

Standard documents specify the diameter of balls, the load and the measurement time to be used according to hardness of the material under test. Usually, next to the result the measuring conditions are specified, i.e., ball diameter, load and time of full loading, e.g., HB5(25o>3o-... 

One aspect of a working documentation system is a standardized documentation structure. If every system is documented using the same document structure, everyone can gain access to the necessary information quickly. Figure 10 shows an example of a documentation structure. 

This scheme differs from the various systems in use in industry and academia in that it uses the mole instead of the cc(STP) to express the quantity of matter being transported, the pascal rather than the atmosphere or the cm. Hg. to express pressure, the meter rather than the mil, the inch, or the centimeter to express length, and the second rather than the day to express time. Our experience indicates that the existing variety of unit systems leads to confusion and that calculations of related physical properties such as permeabilities, diffusion coefficients, and solubilities are easier using the SI units. More modern measurement systems which detect permeants by means of the electrical currents generated by individual atoms are easier to analyze when one uses moles rather than cc(STP) to express the amount of matter undergoing transport. Applications involving the transport of mixed permeant species are also easier to deal with on a molar basis. Conversion tables between the SI units and customary units are provided on the SRM certificate and in the appropriate standards documents (4, 5). ... 

Operating procedures (e.g., SOPs monitoring freezer temperatures daily) must be standardized, documented, and supplied to each member of the laboratory staff and updated on a set schedule ... 

The common technical document (CTD) is a method of submitting an NDA. It is a very useful outcome of ICH discussions regarding the creation and implementation of standardized document formats. While individual regulatory agencies still have different requirements of specific content of various documents, this standardized format is a considerable step forward in the harmonization of submissions to multiple agencies. This guideline, adopted by the ICH regions (Europe, Japan, and the United States) in 2000, has subsequently been implemented, and other countries may continue to adopt it. 

RCEP] Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution. 1998. Setting environmental standards. 21st report. London HMSO. Available from http //www.rcep.org.uk/reports/21-standards/document. Accessed 23 June 2009. 

Identify the scope of standard documentation for enterprises/storage facilities concerned with complex decommissioning ... 

The described approach has been already applied when developing a coastal mobile hardware complex [11]. Software and hardware support of this complex comprises a database on standard documents in the radiation protection area reference databases on radiation-hazardous facihties, persotmel and equipment of emergency-rescue teams of Rosatom, digital map bank, computer systems for on-hne forecast and measurement of the radiation situation parameters, different data-exchange communication channels, etc. 

To date implementation of the module facility complex is hindered by lack of legally accepted procedure of standard justification of such-type technologies. Only standard documentation concerning stationary radioactive waste processing facilities at NPPs has been developed so far. There is urgent need of developing standard documentation especially for mobile module facilities. 

When rimning a reactor installation, the control over activity of coolant is performed according to the established procedine. The methods of control and its periodicity are determined by a special standard document specifying 3 possible conditions of reactor cores while in operation. 

At present fuel is stored within NS reactors in a wet medium which condition complies with the requirements of relevant standard documentation. 

The Federal Standards and Rules (FSR) form the upper regulatory level in the Gosatomnadzor s system of standard documentation. 

The new hierarchy of standard documentation on nuclear and radiation safety may be represented as follows ... 

Development of Standard Documents Related to Safe Management of Damaged SNF... 

The above documents were developed on basis of Russian legislative and standard documentation taking into accoimt the IAEA s recommendations and the cmrent international practice. 

RTC NRC of Gosatomnadzor of Russia has collected a wide experience of developing standard documents (including international ones) and is ready for participation in works on standard and regulatory support of nuclear and radiation safety issues under different projects, including non-standard ones, wherein possible solutions of technical tasks put by have not been supported yet by appropriate standard documents. 

In many circumstances, the supplied system will be based on a standard COTS product and include additional features that are superfluous in the intended context. These features cannot normally be disabled because they are integral to the COTS product. Such redundant features should be included in the Functional Specification, noted as superfluous and, if possible, rendered inaccessible to users within the implemented computer system. Standard features that support compliance, such as audit trails for electronic records, should be used even if not defined within the URS. In such circumstances it may be necessary to make additional design allowances for the inclusion of these features (e.g., for audit trail functionality, extra storage capacity may be required). Standard documentation for COTS products can be referenced by the Fnnctional Specification, if available for inspection, rather than reproduced. Care must be taken to refer to the correct version of COTS documentation and to keep cross-references up to date following any system upgrades. 

The supplier should be able to demonstrate that an FDS is produced in response to the pharmaceutical organization s URS. Typically, the FDS will be a standard document for the core product application with deviations from the standard offering documented in an addendum or separate project-based document. Deviations usually warrant some degree of tailored software development and should, therefore, be of prime consideration during the validation exercise. Table 31.8 provides typical content of the FDS. 

In a current developing standards document being considered for the international sterilisation community, under a section on Dosimeters , it is specified that each batch of dosimeters to be used must be properly calibrated. This entails either (1) irradiation of a user s dosimeter in a standards or accredited reference (secondary) laboratory, and subsequent appropriate evaluation by the user, (2) irradiation in a suitably designed irradiation geometry in the user s laboratory along with dosimeters issued by a standards or reference laboratory, or (3) use of a radiation field where the calibration is traceable to a standards laboratory, according to an acceptable accreditation procedure. 

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