Electric current generation

For pyroelectric measurements, we used two A1 electrodes on both sides of the alternating LB film as shown in Figure 14. The electric current generated on linearly heating the LB film was measured by a picoammeter in the temperature range from -30° to 60 °C. The pyroelectric coefficient p is calculated from the observed pyroelectric current/ by... 

A photodiode is illuminated with a green beam (532 nm) whose power is unknown. The photodiode is operating in the photovoltaic regime at room temperature. After illumination, the voltage induced in the photodiode is 34 mV. Calculate the incident power if the quantum efficiency is 0.65 and if the electrical current generated in the photodiode in the absence of illumination is 1 mA. 

A more modern installation comprises a system in which a photoelectric cell detects the first flash of flame emitted by the sheet of powder. The electric current generated by the photoelectric cell passes through an amplifier and ignites a charge of 2 g of smokeless powder which a quarter of a second after the accident opens a 9 in. dia. water release valve. This method has proved reliable and very useful in industrial practice [36]. 

This scheme differs from the various systems in use in industry and academia in that it uses the mole instead of the cc(STP) to express the quantity of matter being transported, the pascal rather than the atmosphere or the cm. Hg. to express pressure, the meter rather than the mil, the inch, or the centimeter to express length, and the second rather than the day to express time. Our experience indicates that the existing variety of unit systems leads to confusion and that calculations of related physical properties such as permeabilities, diffusion coefficients, and solubilities are easier using the SI units. More modern measurement systems which detect permeants by means of the electrical currents generated by individual atoms are easier to analyze when one uses moles rather than cc(STP) to express the amount of matter undergoing transport. Applications involving the transport of mixed permeant species are also easier to deal with on a molar basis. Conversion tables between the SI units and customary units are provided on the SRM certificate and in the appropriate standards documents (4, 5). ... 

Abstract Direct electric currents generate electrochemical and biochemical changes that... 

Natural convection generally has a negative effect on separation its countercurrent motion leads to the disruption and smearing of component zones. Electrophoresis is particularly subject to such convective flow because the passage of electrical current generates heat that in turn sets up temperature gradients in the electrophoretic medium. 

Figure 2.4.4 (A) Time-dependent electric current generated from the oxidation of HTC coal in an indirect carbon fuel cell. Solutions of Fe 111 and Vv were prepared in 0.5 mol L 1 H2SO4. (B) Development of open-circuit potential Eoc (up) and current I (down) due to Fe2+ formation in the anodic half-cell via oxidation of HTC coal, indicating the reducing potential of bare hydrothermal carbon (HC) dispersions. Charge equalization between the two half-cells was assured by a salt bridge containing a saturated KC1 solution. Carbon felt was used as electrodes. (C) Comparison of hydrothermal and fossil carbon sources in the same setup.

The full advantages of electrochromatography were not to be realized until the technology needed to create narrow capillaries (<200 fim i.d.) stable frits and sensitive detection systems had matured. Small-diameter tubes are necessary in order to reduce Joule heating due to the effect of electrical current generated by high voltage. 

Vibronic Polarons and Electric Current Generation by a Berry Phase in Cuprate Superconductors... 

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