Hardware support

Hardware supported includes IBM-PC, SUN, Silicon Graphics, HP, IBM RS/6000, and DEC Unix workstations VAX workstations, Encore Unix systems. 

It is safe to say that any conventional spectrophotometric and colorimetric analysis can be performed in an optical sensing format. That makes the optical sensors probably the most universal type of chemical sensors. Miniaturization of optical components and rapid advances in the development of new optical materials and hardware support this fast-growing area of chemical sensing. 

The described approach has been already applied when developing a coastal mobile hardware complex [11]. Software and hardware support of this complex comprises a database on standard documents in the radiation protection area reference databases on radiation-hazardous facihties, persotmel and equipment of emergency-rescue teams of Rosatom, digital map bank, computer systems for on-hne forecast and measurement of the radiation situation parameters, different data-exchange communication channels, etc. 

BASIS - Text management system, hardware supported IBM mainframe, DEC VAX, etc., available from Information Dimensions, Inc., 655 Metro Place, Dublin, OH43017, U.S.A. 

Cambridge Structural Database System - Crystallographic database with associated retrieval, analysis and display software, hardware supported DEC VAX and limited generic computer support, available from Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre, University Chemical Laboratory, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 lEW, U.K. 

ChemText - Microcomputer chemical information system and chemical word processor, hardware supported IBM PC, available from Molecular Design Limited, 2132 Farallon Drive, San Leandro, CA 94577, U.S.A. 

ChemDraw - Microcomputer chemical structme drawing program, hardware supported Apple Macintosh, available from Cambridge Scientific Computing, Inc., P.O. Box 2123, Cambridge, MA 02238, U.S.A. 

MedChem - Chemical information and modelling system, hardware supported DEC VAX, available from Pomona College Medicinal Chemistry Project, Seaver Chemistry Laboratory, Claremont, CA 91711, U.S.A. 

ORAC - Reaction indexing system, hardware supported DEC VAX, available from Wolfson CADOS Unit, Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, U.K. 

RS/1 - Data analysis system, hardware supported DEC VAX, IBM mainframe PC, etc., available from BBN Software Products Corp., 10 Fawcett St., Cambridge, MA 02238, U.S.A. 

The new generation of digital sampling oscilloscopes (36,45) and specially designed time-domain measuring setups (TDMS) (38) offer comprehensive, high precision, and automatic measuring systems for TDS hardware support. They usually have a small jitter faetor (< 1.5 ps), important for rise time, a small flatness of ineident pulse (< 0.5% for all amplitudes), and in some systems a unique option for... 

Systems that support virtual memory (that is, have the requisite hardware support) normally support a single virtual address space which all active processes share. Some systems, however, support multiple virtual address spaces one for each active process. This technique is termed virtual machine and requires additional complexity in the mapping functions and associated hardware. 

Synchronization With Hardware Support. This section describes techniques employed to synchronize SENDs and RECVs with explicit hardware support. A SEND transfers its data to a queue, register, or wire, and execution of the next instruction (if any) continues. A RECV reads the data from that queue, register, or wire, and execution continues with the next instruction. If the data is not yet available, the RECV must block the hardware or microcode implementation of the SEND and RECV must insure that this blocking occurs. 

The hardware strategy should also include the capability of local hardware support both by suppliers and the company s own staff. The support capability may influence the selection of hardware whether IBM, HP, DEC or SUN or other. A sensible strategy is to go with the market leaders who are setting the de facto standards. 

Limited Increase in Costs. Approaches in (P4), (P3), and (P2) need to be implemented in software and new costs are mainly due to development, maintenance, and continues management of these implementations. An approach based on special hardware support, such as VLAN (PI) are not necessarily more expensive in the long run as equipment is bought once and later easily replaced by new equipment. 

Prevent Unauthorised Network Access. Standard approaches exist to prevent unauthorised accesses to networks, e.g., IEEE 802.IX for wired access control and WPA2 for wireless access control. Yet, it is desirable to have an integrated solution where access control is implemented in the communication protocol, so that special hardware support is unnecessary and the loss of authentication keys in wireless APs cannot be used for impersonation of repair shops [21]. Only IPsec and link layer protocols may provide such access control and prevent unauthorised network access to the repair shop network. For example, only vehicles with valid SAs may connect using IPsec, and authentication and authorisation mechanisms may be integrated into the link layer protocols. 

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