Soaps resin acids

Sulfate soap Fatty acid soap, resin acid soap, xylogen, tannin, dyeing, sulfuric minerals Fatty acid content >45 % Moisture content <50 % Ash content 8 % Paper industry Mixed with hydrocarbon oil when heated to 50-90 °C... 

In the initial black Hquor concentration, saponified fatty and resin acid salts separate as tall oil soaps (see Tall oil). These soaps can be skimmed from the aqueous spent Hquor, acidified, and refined to give a cmde tall oil composed of resin acids, chiefly abietic and neoabietic fatty acids, chiefly oleic and Hnoleic and an unsaponifiable fraction made of phytosterols, alcohols, and hydrocarbons. Tall oil is fractionated primarily into fatty acids (see... 

Black Liquor Soap Acidulation. Only two-thirds of a typical black Hquor soap consists of the sodium salts of fatty acids and resin acids (rosin). These acids are layered in a Hquid crystal fashion. In between these layers is black Hquor at the concentration of the soap skimmer, with various impurities, such as sodium carbonate, sodium sulfide, sodium sulfate, sodium hydroxide, sodium Hgnate, and calcium salts. This makes up the remaining one-third of the soap. Cmde tall oil is generated by acidifying the black Hquor soap with 30% sulfuric acid to a pH of 3. This is usually done in a vessel at 95°C with 20—30 minutes of vigorous agitation. Caution should be taken to scmb the hydrogen sulfide from the exhaust gas. 

Tall oil rosin is obtained from crude tall oil obtained from the Kraft (sulphate) pulping of various coniferous trees in the paper manufacturing industry. During the Kraft pulping process the fatty acids and the resin acids from the coniferous wood are saponified by the alkaline medium. On concentration of the resulting pulping liquor, the sodium soap of these mixed acids rises to the surface from where they are skimmed out. By acidification of this material with sulphuric acid, the crude tall oil is obtained. Fractional steam distillation of the crude tall oil allows the separation of the tall oil fatty acids and the tall oil rosins [21]. 

Harz-saure, /. resin acid, resinic acid, -aeife, /. resin soap rosin soap, -sikkativ, n. rosin drier, -spiritus, m. rosin spirit, -spur, /. trace of resin or rosin, -stippe, /. (Paper) rosin speck, rosin spot, -stoff, m. resinous substance, -talgseife, /. tallow-rosin soap, yellow household soap, -tanne, /. pitch fir. -teer, m. resinous tar. -wasser, n. resin water, -zahl,/. resin number rosin number, -zement, m. resinous cement, haschen, v.t. tk i. eatch, seize, haschieren, hatch hash, mince. 

A number of studies have evaluated the toxicity of pulping hquors, in particular the black liquors generated from Kraft mills. Table 8 shows a partial representation of toxicity data compiled by the NCASI (National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement) and McKee and Wolf for Kraft mill pulping wastewaters [15,16]. The table indicates that hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, crude sulfate soap, and salts of fatty and resin acids are particularly... 

Tho formation of yellow soap from rosin depends on the direct combination of the resin acids with soda. No glycerin is eliminated, there being np proper saponification. The compounds formed, however, by the union of soda with rosin are not separable from their... 

In kraft pulping, the resin and fatty acids which are either free or liberated in the hydrolysis of fats and waxes are dissolved as sodium salts ("soaps") in the cooking liquor. Especially the resin acid salts are effective emulgators... 

The spent black liquor from the kraft pulping of pines contains the less volatile products of the wood resin in the form of sodium salts or soaps. The liquor first is concentrated in multiple-effect evaporators, and then the concentrate is sent to settling tanks. The soaps rise to the surface, are skimmed off, and then are acidified with sulfurous or sulfuric acid. The crude tall oil rises to the top and is mechanically separated. Crude tall oil from southern pines contains 40-60 percent resin acids and 40-55 percent fatty acids with 5-10 percent neutral substances. These components are separated by fractional distillation under vacuum. 

Tall oil, derived from the Swedish tallolja meaning pine oil, is recovered from the black liquor of softwood pulping. It is taken out at an intermediate stage of the multiple-effect evaporation when the liquor contains about 30% total solids, after it is allowed to stand [21]. The soaps (sodium salts of fatty acids present) are insoluble, cream to the top of the vessel, and are skimmed off. The residual black liquor is returned to the evaporators to continue chemical recovery. The soap yield, which can range from 10 to 200 kg/tonne of pulp (or even higher for pine), is then acidified and the free fatty acids and resin acids obtained are separated by distillation. The fatty acids recovered consist mainly of oleic and linoleic acids and are employed in soap manufacture and as the drying oil components of paints and varnishes [22] (Chap. 19). Resin acids consist of terpene acids such as abietic acid and its positional and reductive variants, and are mainly employed in paper sizing. 

In the kraft pulping of softwoods the resin acids and fatty acid esters present consume alkali required for delignification and are therefore undesirable. These can be recovered as tall oil by concentration of the spent liquor, separating off the acid soap (which also contains neutral components) and acidifying the sodium salts with sulphuric acid from which a blend of resin acids, fatty acids and neutrals is obtained. 

Crude tall oil is a mixture of fatty acids, resin acids, and neutrals (i.e., no carboxylic acid functionality). The background section relates that neutrals interfere with the separation of the fatty acids from the resin acids and in industrial practice the neutrals are removed by molecul distillation. However, it is difficult to separate the neutrals from the other components because of vapor pressure similarity considerations. Tall oil soap, the precursor to crude tall oil, is a pasty emulsion of the neutrals and the sodium salts of the fatty and resin acids. The patent states that it is possible to extract neutrals from the soap with a liquid hydrocarbon solvent, but the prior art discussion relates that subsequent liquid hydrocarbon solvent recovery steps are relatively difficult. The neutrals can be separated from the soaps by a hydrocarbon solvent, incidentally, because the neutrals are lipophiles whereas the soaps are ionic and do not dissolve in the hydrocarbon. Similarly the neutrals will dissolve in a supercritical fluid like ethylene, or propane, or the chlorofluorocarbons, and the use of these gases in the supercritical state is the invention. Like the case of liquid hydrocarbon solvents, the ionic soap compounds will not dissolve in the supercritical gases. CO2 is specifically not listed among the gases, and we shall discuss the case of CO2 extraction of the emulsion later which is the subject of the next patent. 

Returning now to the patent, the invendon taught is the contacting of crude tall oil soaps (a moist mixture of neutrals and sodium salts of fatty and resin acids) with CO2. The CO2 converts the salts to free fatty and resin acids which then dissolve in the CO2 (but probably so are some of the neutrals). One example describes a laboratory test that reports that from a charge of 9.65 g tall oil soap five fractions were extracted with supercritical CO2. The first fraction contained 88% resin + fatty acids, and the fifth fraction contained 72% resin. 

P 10 Acid. [CasQiem] Ricinoleic acid lubricant, rust inhibiux , base for cutting oils, grease, soaps, resin plasticiz-ots, ethoxylaied dnivs. 

Disproportionated rosin acid, potassium salt Disproportionated rosin, potassium soap EINECS 263-142-4 Potassium rosinate Potassium salt of wood rosin acids Potassium soap of rosin Resin acids and Rosin acids, potassium salts Rosin acids, potassium salts Rosin, disproportionated, potassium salt Rosin, potassium salt. 

Disproportionated rosin acid, sodium salt EINECS 263-144-5 Resin acids and Rosin acids, sodium salts Rosin acid, monosodium salt Rosin xids, sodium salt Rosin acids, sodium salts Rosin, disproportionated, sodium salt Rosin, sodium salt Rosin, sodium soap Sodium soap of disproportationed rosin Wood rosin, sodium salt... 

Use To form esters, varnish components, soaps, metal soaps (resin soaps from abietates), additive in lactic and butyric acid fermentations. 

Chem. Descrip. Ricinoleic acid CAS 141-22-0 EINECS/ELINCS 205-470-2 Uses Chemical intermediate lubricant and rust inhibitor in sol. cutting oils basis for grease, soaps, resin plasticizers, and ethoxylated derivs. modifier for coatings and adhesive polymers used in inks, coatings, plastics, cosmetics and toiletries Regulatory FDA approval... 

Na, Mg, Ca, Zn, A1 and ammonium resin acid salts are produced industrially [5], albeit their relative importance has been shifting with time because of changes in their relevant applications. Na, K and ammonium salts are partially water soluble and were used as soaps in the past. Presently, resin acids sodium salts are mainly used as intermediates in paper sizing. 

Resin acids, resinic adds hydroaromatic diter-penes, the acid components of resins. Colophony (rosin) consists of up to 90% R.a. The most important representatives are abietic acid, neoabietic acid, dex-tro-pimaric acid and neopimaric acid. Salts and esters of the R. are called resinates. The alkali salts are also called resin soaps. 

Both reactions are generally carried out with a suitable catalyst such as Pd/C, Ni, iodine, or metal iodides at a temperature between 250 and 275 °C. The resin acids are then converted into the respective sodium or potassium soaps for their use as an emulsifier... 

Crude tar oils are the cmde products of the sulfate soaps which are separated from the black liquor of paper pulping. The contents of fatty acids and resin acids are increased through the cmde processing. For instance, the components of domestic cmde tar oil are listed as follows ... 

Crude tar oils Fatty acid and resin acid Oleic acid 28-43 % Linoleic acid 38-65 % Linolenic acid 0.5-2.0 % Stearic acid 4-10 % Palm acid 4-10 % Class A organic acid 95 % Class B organic acid 90 % Fatty acid 35-55 % Resin acid 30-55 % Neutral 4-20 % Acid value 115-175 Soap value 140-180 Making up aqueous solution mixed with hydrocarbon oil emulsified by emulsifier saponified with caustic soda emulsified by sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate and alkylsodiumsulfate... 

Rubber or butadiene copolymers Dispersion is broken by acidifying as long as soap is used as the emulsifier After acidifying, fatty or resin acid is extractable with ether latex is precipitated... 

Skin disorders (dermatoses) are a common form of work-caused problems. The skin can be exposed to dusts, fibres, plant materials, metal compounds, glues, solvents, oils, tars, resins, acids, alkalis e g. soap or detergent, vimses, and UV and ionizing radiation. Irritant dermatitis is one form of dermatosis and consists of redness, swelling and cracking. 

In the multicolumn systems it is better to retain soaps and acid-labile compounds on an anion exchanger before the solution passes through a strongly acid resin, which may catalyse esterification of fatty acids with the alcohol in the solvent and hydrolysis of such materials as alkyl sulphates. 

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