Pulp mill wastewater

Saski EK, A Vahatalo, K Salonen, MS Salkinoja-Salonen (1996b) Mesocosm simulation on sediment formation indnced by biologically treated bleached kraft pulp mill wastewater in freshwater recipients. In Environmental Fate and Effects of Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents (Eds MR Servos, KR Munlittrick, JH Carey, and GJ van der Kraak), pp. 261-270. St Lucie Press, Delray Beach, FL. 

Baker, C.J.O., Fulthorpe, R.R., and Gilbride, K.A., An assessment of variability of pulp mill wastewater treatment system bacterial communities using molecular methods, Wat. Qual. Res. J. (Canadian), 38, 227-242, 2003. 

Wang, L.K., Yoo, S.H., and Hong, Y.N., Development of Two-Stage Physical-Chemical Process System for Treatment of Pulp Mill Wastewater, Lenox Institute of Water Technology, Lenox, M A, Technical Report LIR/05-84/2, 1984, 64 p. 

Anaerobic-aerobic processes have a high potential for the treatment of pulp mill wastewater containing xenobiotic compounds. The pulp and paper industry is under great pressure to remove chlorophenols, chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons, and chlorinated dioxins and furans from wastewater. The Canadian government requires that pulp mill effluent contain no measurable level of dioxins or furans (Murray Richardson, 1993)- Such regulations require novel wastewater treatment technologies for the complete removal of target compounds. 

Ahtiainen, J., Nakari, T., Ruoppa, M., Verta, M. and Talka, E. (2000) Toxicity screening of novel pulp mill wastewaters in Finnish pulp mills, in G. Persoone, C. Janssen and W.M. De Coen (eds.), New... 

Champion International s pulp mill in Arapoti (Brazil) tested a ZeeWeed MBR followed by reverse osmosis polishing to recycle thermomechnical pulp mill wastewater within the mill (Table 35.1). Over 4 months of tests showed that the system decreased the COD from 7800 to <20 mg/L. In addition, the total dissolved solids (TDS) content was reduced from 2000 to <300 mg/L in the RO permeate [65]. 

R.R. Fulthorpe, S.N. Liss, andD.G. Allen, Characterization of Bacteria Isolated from a Bleached Kraft Pulp-mill Wastewater Treatment System. Can. J. Microbiol. 39(1), 13—24 (1993). 

K. Hatano, D.J. Frederick, and J.A. Moore, Microbial Ecology of Constructed Wetlands Used for Treating Pulp-mill Wastewater. Water Sci. Technol. 29(4), 233—239 (1994) and ibid. pp. 241-247. 

Aerobic biological treatment systems such as aerated stabilisation basins and activated sludge are most commonly used to treat pulp mill wastewaters. A considerable reduction in BOD and TSS occurs in these systems, but color remains relatively unaltered. For example, the secondary treatment system of an integrated bleached kraft mill showed a 92 % reduction in BOD, a 60 % reduction in TSS but only a 1 % reduction in color (16),... 

Industrial Wastewater Treatment. Industrial wastewaters require different treatments depending on their sources. Plating waste contains toxic metals that are precipitated and insolubiHzed with lime (see Electroplating). Iron and other heavy metals are also precipitated from waste-pidde Hquor, which requires acid neutralization. Akin to pickle Hquor is the concentrated sulfuric acid waste, high in iron, that accumulates in smokeless powder ordinance and chemical plants. Lime is also useful in clarifying wastes from textile dyeworks and paper pulp mills and a wide variety of other wastes. Effluents from active and abandoned coal mines also have a high sulfuric acid and iron oxide content because of the presence of pyrite in coal. 

Pulp bleaching with chlorine dioxide is most often performed at an acidic pH, so that the final pH of the bleach Hquor is in the range of 2—5. Under these conditions, the residual concentration of chlorite and chlorate ions in the bleach Hquor are minimized and chloride ion is the predominant chlorine species in the spent bleach (77). In addition to direct addition to pulp in bleaching, chlorine dioxide also finds use in wastewater treatment from pulp mill operations as a means to remove effluent color (85). 

Kraft pulp mills treat wastewater using primary (physical) and secondary (biological) treatment to reduce pollutant discharges to receiving waters. Kraft mills typically collect and treat the following wastewaters36 ... 

FIGURE 21.8 Typical wastewater treatment plant. (Taken from U.S. EPA, Kraft Pulp Mill Compliance Assessment Guide (CAA, CWA, RCRA and EPCRA), U.S. EPA, EPA/310-B-99-001, Washington, May 1999.)... 

Wang, M.H.S., Wang, L.K., and Pivero de Aguilar, J.C., Pulp and paper mill wastewater, part II Environmental control aspects, Journal of Environmental Management, 8, 25-42, 1979 (UK). 

Specific effluents have also been subjected to WRF-mediated remediation studies. Decolourization, dechlorination and detoxification of highly toxic bleach plant effluents derived from the pulp and paper industry have been reported [26-28], while degradation and decolourization of synthetic dyes due to the non-specificity of the LMEs have been widely documented [29, 30], Likewise, treatment of the acidic, phenolic-rich olive oil mill wastewater has shown COD reduction, decolourization and dephenolization [31-34],... 

Kallqvist T, Carlberg GE, Kringstad A. 1989. Ecotoxicological characterization of industrial wastewater -sulfite pulp mill with bleaching. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 18 321-336. 

Mat r industries use phenolic materials in their manufacturing processes. Phenol is also used in the production of dmgs, weed killers, and synthetic resins. Phenol and its derivatives are present in the wastewaters of industries such as cooking, pulp mills, paint and dyes, wine distilleries, oil and gasoline, synthetic rabber, textiles, pharmaceuticals, solvent, manufacture of pesticides, paper, and wood etc. [1]. 

Munkittrick, K.R. Servos, M.R. Carey, J.H. Van Der Kraak, G.J. Environmental impacts of pulp and paper wastewater evidence for a reduction in environmental effect at north American pulp mills since 1992. Water. Sci. Technol. 1997, 35 2-3), 329-338. 

You can be exposed to 2-hexanone if you live near an industry or hazardous waste site that releases the liquid into wastewater or the gas form into the surrounding air. These industries include coal gasification plants, oil shale operations, and wood pulping mills. We have no information on background levels of 2-hexanone in the environment. 

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