Rosin soaps

Rosin sizing usually involves the addition of dilute aqueous solutions or dispersions of rosin soap size and alum to a pulp slurry (44—46). Although beater addition of either coreactant is permissable, addition of both before final pulp refining is unwise because subsequently exposed ceUulose surfaces may not be properly sized. The size and alum should be added sufficiendy eady to provide uniform distribution in the slurry, and adequate time for the formation and retention of aluminum resinates, commonly referred to as size precipitate. Free rosin emulsion sizes, however, do not react to a significant degree with alum in the pulp slurry, and addition of a cationic starch or resin is recommended to maximize retention of size to fiber. Subsequent reaction with aluminum occurs principally in the machine drier sections (47). 

The carboxyl group reacts with metal oxides, hydroxides, or salts to form rosin soaps or salts (resinates). The soaps of alkah metals, such as sodium and potassium, are usehil in paper sizing and as emulsifiers in mbber polymerization. 

The soap of modified rosin has a long history as an emulsifier for the polymerization of styrene—butadiene mbber. The rosin soap remains in the mbber after polymerization and increases the tack between the pHes of mbber required in the manufacture of tires. 

Monomer conversion (79) is followed by measuring the specific gravity of the emulsion. The polymerization is stopped at 91% conversion (sp gr 1.069) by adding a xylene solution of tetraethylthiuram disulfide. The emulsion is cooled to 20°C and aged at this temperature for about 8 hours to peptize the polymer. During this process, the disulfide reacts with and cleaves polysulfide chain segments. Thiuram disulfide also serves to retard formation of gel polymer in the finished dry product. After aging, the alkaline latex is acidified to pH 5.5—5.8 with 10% acetic acid. This effectively stops the peptization reaction and neutralizes the rosin soap (80). 

There is only one non-ionic latex Neoprene latex 115) all other polychloroprene latices are anionic and are emulsified with rosin soaps. 

Haxz-karboUdsung, /. (Paper) solution of rosin in carbolic acid, -keraselfe, /. rosin curd soap, rosin soap, -kiefer,/. pitch pine, -kitt, m. resinous cement, -kocher, m. (Paper) rosin boiler, -kohle, /. bituminous coal, -kdrper, m. resin(ous) substance, -lack, m. resin lake resin varnish, -leim, m. (Paper) rosin size, -leimung, /. (Paper) sizing with rosin, -leimverseifung, /. rosin-size cutting. ... 

Harz-saure, /. resin acid, resinic acid, -aeife, /. resin soap rosin soap, -sikkativ, n. rosin drier, -spiritus, m. rosin spirit, -spur, /. trace of resin or rosin, -stippe, /. (Paper) rosin speck, rosin spot, -stoff, m. resinous substance, -talgseife, /. tallow-rosin soap, yellow household soap, -tanne, /. pitch fir. -teer, m. resinous tar. -wasser, n. resin water, -zahl,/. resin number rosin number, -zement, m. resinous cement, haschen, v.t. tk i. eatch, seize, haschieren, hatch hash, mince. 

Kolophonium, n. colophony, rosin, -ester, m. rosin ester, ester gum. -lack, m. rosin varnish, -seife,/. rosin soap. 

Rosin-Rammler function, 23 185, 186 Rosin soap size... 

Among the precipitants employed were tannic acid, tartar emetic, rosin soaps, fatty acid (stearic, oleic) soaps, sulphonated oils (Turkey red oil), earth lakes (mixed natural silicates), phosphates, casein and arsenious acid. The fastness properties of these pigments... 

Studies of the metal-exchange process of P.R.49 (Na) to P.R.49 1 (Ba) [1] revealed that the process, apart from the temperature, is not only influenced by the crystal structure and the concentration of the barium ions but also by the amount of rosin soap. Colophony-based rosin which is assumed to act as a surfactant, is converted during the laking process into colorless insoluble rosinate salts. These salts are incorporated in the pigment til up to 30% by weight without a loss of tinctorial strength. Very often the color strength is even increased, accompanied by a color shift to more bluish reds. 

Where treatment, aimed at eliminating the ants, is for some reason impractical, in Central America oil emulsions have been used (6, 7), with satisfactory results. Those readily obtained are Orthol K, Carbolineum 2, Eisaclor 74, and the old favorite kerosine emulsion. In India (60, 79), Derriphyton gave complete kill in 7 days, while fish oil-rosin soap solution with soda ash gave equally good results, but took 10 days for a good kill. Melville (43) found in Kenya that Coccus africanus became very severe followin treatments of coffee with DDT for other insects. His recommendation was the use of oil emulsion sprays after the DDT treatments, if necessary, to get rid of the Coccus infestations. 

Since the early days of machine made paper in the first half of the nineteenth century, the most widely applied method of Internal sizing has been the use of naturally occurring resinous materials ("rosins") in conjunction with an aluminium salt, usually aluminium sulphate (called "alum" by paper-makers). Various forms of rosin sizes (rosin soaps, rosin emulsions, fortified rosins) have been developed over the years to improve the process, but these variants still involve the use of alum as a means of ensuring that fibres retain a layer of size. 

Having 2. phcpsnthrcnc nucleus Ft is insol in w bur sol in alcohols, ether, benz, AcOH dil sol n s cf K gt Na hvrlroxides. Can be obtd as a residue from the distillation of turpentine oil. nlecresin, or by other methods. It has been used in the manuf of varnishes lacquers, linoleum, adhesives, rosin soaps, binding materials, in soldering and for rosining bows... 

The paper industry uses large amounts of the sodium salt of rosin as paper size, which accounts for the greatest single use of rosin. The synthetic rubber industry is the second most important user of rosin. In making styrene-butadiene rubber, disproportionated rosin soaps are used alone or in combination with fatty acid soaps as emulsifiers in the polymerization process. Disproportionation decreases the number of double bonds in the abietic acid of the rosin, making a more stable material. 

Fats and vegetable oils, including tall oil are renewable resources for surfactants. The soaps of natural fatty acids and dispropoitimiated rosin soaps are the most important emulsifier types for the production of synthetic mbber, and sodium or ammonium salts of fatty acids and hydroxy fatty acids are also largely used in PVC manufacturing. 

Rosin is a non-reaclive prodnct and is retained on the anionic fibre by either attaching itself to a cationic source in the case of rosin soap, or anionic rosin emulsion or by having a cationic surface charge. The main requirement is that it requires a source of aluminium species to form the actual sizing agent, aluminium rosinate. Rosin is normally modified with maleic anhydride or fumaric acid to increase its reactivity with aluminium species and improve its efficiency at higher pH. The method by which this aluminium species is formed and retained in the wet-end of the paper/ board machine differs between anionic and cationic rosin sizes. 

Conversely, for soap sizes, as they are dependent on neutralisation of the rosin soap by cationic aluminium species at pH 3.0-5.0, the neutralisation is not efficient, so rosin soaps lose efficiency above pH 5.2 as this polymeric species is formed. 

Deposits can also occur at high pH due to a lack of AF species with alum. Alum may have reacted with rosin, but there is not sufficient charge on the particle to retain it. It then will be deposited in the stock approach system as basic aluminium rosinate. This is aluminium rosinate where the cationic part of the aluminium has been neutralised by the hydroxyl ion. This tends to occur more with soap sizes than with rosin sizes as the alum needs to react with the rosin soap and then be retained. With rosin dispersions this effect is less. 

Rosin soap. See Sodium abietate Sodium rosinate... 

Synonyms Rosin soap Sodium resinate Formula Ci9H29COOONa Properties Wh. powd. sol. in water Precaution Combustible Uses Soap making paper coatings See also Sodium rosinate... 

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