Intermediate stage

A schematic illustration of a typical inlet apparatus for separating volatile hydrides from the analyte solution, in which they are generated upon reduction with sodium tetrahydroborate. When the mixed analyte solution containing volatile hydrides enters the main part of the gas/liquid separator, the volatiles are released and mix with argon sweep and makeup gas, with which they are transported to the center of the plasma. The unwanted analyte solution drains from the end of the gas/liquid separator. The actual construction details of these gas/liquid separators can vary considerably, but all serve the same purpose. In some of them, there can be an intermediate stage for removal of air and hydrogen from the hydrides before the latter are sent to the plasma. 

Black Liquor Soap Recovery. Black Hquor soap consists of the sodium salts of the resin and fatty acids with small amounts of unsaponifiables. The soap is most easily separated from the black Hquor by skimming at an intermediate stage, when the black Hquor is evaporated to 25% soHds (7). At this soHds level, the soap rises in the skimmer at a rate of 0.76 m/h. At higher soHds concentrations, the tall oil soap is less soluble, but higher viscosity lowers the soap rise rate and increases the necessary residence times in the soap skimmer beyond 3—4 hours. The time required for soap recovery can be reduced by installing baffles, by the use of chemical flocculants (8,9), and by air injection into the suction side of the soap skimmer feed pump. Soap density is controUed by the rate of air injection. Optimum results (70% skimmer efficiency) are obtained at a soap density of 0.84 kg/L (7 lb/gal). This soap has a minimum residual black Hquor content of 15% (10—12). 

In a binaiy separation, the highest purity of integrated permeate occurs at 0 = 0. Purity decreases monotonicaUy until it reaches the feed purity at 0 = 1. In a ternary system, the residue concentration of the gas with the intermediate permeabihty will reach a maximum at some intermediate stage cut. 

If the work faetor T equais i.O, then the exit swiri is zero. As the work faetor inereases, the exit swiri inereases. Sinee the reaetion of 0.5 ieads to a high totai effieieney, this design is usefui if the exit swiri is not eounted as a ioss as in the initiai and intermediate stages. 

Whilst the term thermosetting plastics arose out of the fact that early products of this type were cross-linked by subjecting the intermediate-stage materials to elevated temperature, the term is also widely used where cross-linking takes place at normal ambient temperatures. 

Refers to the elapsed time after an adhesive is applied until pressure effects curing. Intermediate-stage reaction step for various thermosetting resins. During this stage the material swells when in contact with certain liquids and... 

Training effectiveness - short term (the intermediate stage)... 

The thermodynamic method has limitations. Since the method ignores the intermediate stages, it cannot be used to determine shock-wave parameters. Furthermore, a shock wave is an irreversible thermodynamic process this fact complicates matters if these energy losses are to be fully included in the analysis. Nevertheless, the thermodynamic approach is a very attractive way to obtain an estimate of explosion energy because it is very easy and can be applied to a wide range of explosions. Therefore, this method has been applied by practically every worker in the field. 

Now with Hx turned off, the induced magnetization must relax to its steady-state value. This is the free induction decay phase. Figure 4-9C shows an intermediate stage in the FID is increasing ftom zero toward Mq, and My is decreasing toward zero. As we have seen, relaxes with rate constant l/Ti, and My relaxes with rate constant l/T 2. 

In a sense the formation of t) -H2 complexes can be thought of as an intermediate stage in the oxidative addition of H2 to form two M-H bonds and, as such, the complexes might serve as a model for this process and for catalytic hydrogenation reactions by metal hydrides. Indeed, intermediate cases between and... 

Two methods shown below converted 175 to the Z alkene 205 in high yields. No expected E alkene with two bulky 1-adamantyl groups in cis positions was formed because of the quick isomerization at the intermediate stage (98BCJ1181). 

Dual pressure For comparison, a combined cycle scheme with dual pressure is shown in Figure 15.13. In this case, the waste heat recovery boiler also incorporates a low-pressure steam generator, with evaporator and superheater. The LP steam is fed to the turbine at an intermediate stage. As the LP steam boils at a lower temperature than the HP steam, there exists two pinch points between the exhaust gas and the saturated steam temperatures. The addition of the LP circuit gives much higher combined cycle efficiencies with typically 15 per cent more steam turbine output than the single pressure for the same gas turbine. 

It seems of importance to elucidate what the stresses are that should be applied to the melt in order to (1) ensure formation of a nematic phase in the melt, and (2) attain values of > fiCI so that the crystallization caused by melt extension should proceed by the chain-extension mechanism. It is also desirable to answer the question whether the formation of the nematic phase is an indispensable intermediate stage preceding formation of ECC51). 

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