Causes of problems

Vibration is both a cause of problems and an effect of equipment problems. The potential destructive force of an out-of-balance load has led to setting lower shutdown limits on the magnitude of vibration than other rotating equipment. Flexible connections for process and utility lines become a must so these vibration problems are not transmitted to connected equipment. Flexible hoses with liners having concentric convolutions (bellows type) avoid the sharp points inherent with spiral metallic liners. By avoiding the sharp point the liner is less likely to cut the exterior covering. 

There are many tools you can use to help you determine the root cause of problems. These are known as disciplined problem solving methods. 

Column temperature alarm Not a complete indication at this stage. It may be a spurious alarm Cross-examine related indicators Data collection Can operator acquire irrelevant or insufficient data Can operator fail to crosscheck for spurious indications Identification/lnterpretation Can operator fail to consider all possible system states and causes of problem Can operator fail to perform a correct evaluation Can operator fixate on the wrong cause Goal Selection Can operator fail to consider possible side-effects Can operator fail to consider alternative goals Can operator fixate on the wrong goal ... 

Many industrial buildings, and industrial projects in the broader sense, are completed entirely to the owner s satisfaction in terms of the key criteria of time, cost and quality. It is also true that many are not. There can be various reasons for this some related to the nature of the construction industry in general, some to the performance of professional teams and others related to the manner in which the project was initially set up. The most common cause of problems with the finished product is the way in which the owner s requirements were specified, and this extends to include the selection of the project team. 

Letters of intent can be the cause of problems, and there are varying views as to their validity. These are sent in advance of contractual documents, being signed because either the documents are not fully prepared or a decision has not yet been confirmed. For example, in local government a bid may have been accepted by a committee but needs ratification by the full council, which can be up to six weeks later. It is rare for a council to overturn a decision made by a committee, but it does happen. In an attempt to expedite matters, it is common policy to... 

Although failure-mode analysis identifies the number and symptoms of machine-train problems, it does not always identify the tme root cause of problems. Root cause must be verified by visual inspection, additional testing, or other techniques such as operating dynamics analysis. 

The most likely cause of problems in any MS is associated with the ion source. When a MS problem is discovered, a good rule is to clean the source and check for shorts or a burned-out filament. For most instruments, it is relatively simple to determine that a filament has burned out because the emission current will be zero. Sometimes, the filament will short to the block. In this case, the emission current will read high when in the Cl mode where emission current is read between the filament and the ion source block. In either case, the source should be cleaned and the filament inspected. If the filament is sagging, it is a good idea to replace it. 

Coca-Cola located the cause of problem in two factories and recalled 2.5 million potentially dangerous bottles. Belgian, Dutch, Luxembourg, and French governments banned all Coke drinks for a while... 

Out-of-Specifications There are insufficient investigations to determine the root cause of problems and issues are not closed in a timely manner. Product Sterility The tests performed are superficial and not validated. Environment Monitoring Personnel are not monitored, there is inadequate monitoring, microorganisms are not monitored, there is no... 

Mechanisms or calculations that appear unnecessarily complicated are probably wrong and should be checked for obvious errors. Incorrect transcription of structures or figures is a common cause of problems. 

We have thus far considered only steady-state operation of the CSTR and the PFTR. Thi, s is the situation some time after the process was started when all transients have died out, and no parameters vary with time. However, all continuous reactors must be started, an d parameters such as feed composition, flow rate, and temperature may vary because feed composition and conditions change with time. We therefore need to consider transier it operation of the CSTR and the PFTR. Transients are a major cause of problems in reactoir operation because they can cause poor performance. Even more important, problems during startup and shutdown are a major cause of accidents and explosions. 

Root cause analysis (RCA) is a class of problem solving methods aimed at identifying the root causes of problems or events. The practice of RCA is predicated on the belief that problems are best solved by attempting to correct or eliminate root causes, as opposed to merely addressing the immediately obvious symptoms. By directing corrective measures at root causes, it is hoped that the likelihood of problem recurrence will be minimized. However it is recognized that complete prevention of recurrence by a single intervention is not always possible. Thus RCA is often considered to be an iterative process and is frequently viewed as a tool of continuous improvement. 

Brainstorm the main categories of causes of problems and draw major branch arrows to the main arrow. 

In human medicine, selection pressure is at its most intense in hospitals, where antibiotics are extensively used. The major cause of problems of antimicrobial resistance in humans arises from overuse of antimicrobials at therapeutic levels in humans. It is generally accepted that drug resistance that develops in a bacterium as a result of mutation is only of importance within the individual host and a single bacterial strain. Because the determinant is chromosomal, the resistance cannot be transferred between different bacterial species and genera. In addition, the mutationally resistant microorganism is not usually as viable as the wild ones hence once the selective antibiotic is removed from the environment, the proportions of the mutant decrease. If exposure to the antibiotic continues, however, the mutants can become life-threatening to the patient. It should be understood that the antibiotic does not induce the mutation. The mutant simply takes advantage of its fortuitous spontaneous appearance to flourish in the presence of a selected antibiotic. 

When a thin layer of polyurethane is cast over a metal reinforcing, the thickness of the polyurethane must be even and sufficient to prevent moisture from getting to the reinforcing and causing corrosion. A potential cause of problems is if an air bubble is trapped between the reinforcing and the cast polyurethane. 

The toxicity of HMPA can be avoided by using N.N -dimethylpropylene urea (DMPU)543 or DMF as the solvent.511 The beneficial hardiness of SEM groups was the cause of problems attending deprotection of the intermediate 297.1 [Scheme 4.297] during studies aimed at the structural elucidation of the macro-tide Amphidinolide L.544 Treatment of 297.1 with TBAF in HMPA returned the desired did 297<2 (35%) along with triethylsilyl-deprotected compound 2973 (33%) and the ethoxymethyl ether 297,4 (11%). However, when DMPU was used as solvent, the desired dial 297-2 was obtained in 82% yield. 

The next step is to discover causes of problem performance (Table 7.3). Why are employees failing to succeed Is if fhaf fhey ... 

Once the causes of problem performance have been identified, then you can plan for fhe solutions (Table 7.3). For example, if you determine that employees are not successful because fhey do nof know how to perform the task, providing training may be a simple solution. For instance, if you have asked your secrefary to prepare a presenfation for you in PowerPoint, but he or she has never used the software before, if is likely thaf fhe outcome will not be positive for either of you. 

Clathrate hydrates have been found to occur naturally in large quantities. Around 120 X 10 m (at STP) of methane is estimated to be trapped in deposits of the deep ocean floor [10]. Clathrate hydrates are also suspected to occur in large quantities on some outer planets, moons, and trans-Neptunian objects [11]. In the petroleum industry, hydrocarbon clathrate hydrates are a cause of problems because they can form inside gas pipelines, often resulting in plugging. Deep sea deposition of carbon dioxide clathrate hydrate has been proposed as a method to remove this greenhouse gas from the atmosphere and control climate change [12]. 

A few, usually managers, come voluntarily and what they learn opens their eyes to causes of problems, often related to sampling issues, and the awesome invisible cost they generate. 

The Pareto principle says that most of a plant s problems stem from a few basic causes. The Pareto chart, based on this principle, Is a tool for selecting the critical causes of problems — the ones that should be resolved first. 

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