National Council

J. E. Gray, Proceedings of the Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Radiation Protection andNew Medical... 

Maximum Permissible Body Burdens and Maximum Permissible Concentration of Radionuclides in Air and in Water for Occupational Exposure, ReportNo. NCRP, No. 22, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement, Washington, D.C., 1959. 

Acknowledgements—The author is most grateful to W. de Heer for invaluable discussions and advice. We are indebted to R. Monot and A. Chatelain for several useful remarks. We thank the Brazilian National Council of Science and Technology (CNPq) and Swiss National Science Foundation for financial support. 

Acknowledgements O.A. El Seoud thanks the State of Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) and the National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CNPq) for research and travel funds, and Prof. T. Heinze and his research group for their kind help during a short stay at Friedrich-Schiller-Universitat in Jena. 

The ICRP (1994b, 1995) developed a Human Respiratory Tract Model for Radiological Protection, which contains respiratory tract deposition and clearance compartmental models for inhalation exposure that may be applied to particulate aerosols of americium compounds. The ICRP (1986, 1989) has a biokinetic model for human oral exposure that applies to americium. The National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurement (NCRP) has also developed a respiratory tract model for inhaled radionuclides (NCRP 1997). At this time, the NCRP recommends the use of the ICRP model for calculating exposures for radiation workers and the general public. Readers interested in this topic are referred to NCRP Report No. 125 Deposition, Retention and Dosimetry of Inhaled Radioactive Substances (NCRP 1997). In the appendix to the report, NCRP provides the animal testing clearance data and equations fitting the data that supported the development of the human mode for americium. 

NCRP. 1987. Use of bioassay procedures for assessment of internal radionuclide deposition. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Bethesda, MD. Report No. 87. 

NCRP115 = National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. 1993. Risk Estimates for Radiation Protection, Report 115. Bethesda, Maryland NRC = Nuclear Regulatory Commission. 

Figure 3.8 Comparison of theory and experiments (water-air horizontal flow at 25°C and 1 atm pressure with diameter of 2.5 cm). Solid lines theory. (From Dukler, 1978. Copyright 1978 by National Council of Canada. Reprinted with permission.) Fuzzy lines experimental data. (From Mand-hane et al., 1974. Copyright 1974 by Elsevier Science Ltd., Kidlington, UK. Reprinted with permission.)...

Non Conventional Energy Resources Investigation Institute (INENCO) of National University of Salta (UNSa) and National Council of Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET),... 

NCRP, Exposures from the Uranium Series with Emphasis on Radon and Its Daughters, National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements Report No. 77 (1984). 

NCRP National Council on Radiological Protection, Evaluation of Occupational and Environmental Exposures to Radon and Radon Daughters in the United States, NCRP Report No. 78, Bethesda, MD (1984). 

Calculation of lung cancer risk for radon daughter exposure is based on factors developed by the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP, 1984). The risk coefficients are expressed in terms of lifetime risk from lifetime exposure for a population of mixed ages, comparable to the standardized U.S. population, and range between one and two per 10,000 WLM of exposure. The percent increase in risk is related to a normal lifetime lung cancer risk of 0.041. 

In the United States, the National Council on Radiological Protection and Measurements (NCRP) has recently issued two reports on this subject (NCRP, 1984a,b). The lifetime risks have been estimated and it is predicted that exposures of 2 WLM/y would reduce the probability of living to age 70 by 1.5 and an exposure level of 5 WLM/y would reduce that probability by 4 (NCRP, 1984a). For an average dose to the population of 0.2 WLM/y, the model predicts about 9000 deaths from lung cancer per year in the U.S. population (NCRP, 1984b) for nonsmokers. 

Institute of Applied Physics National Council of Research Via Madonna del Piano 10 50019, Sesto Fiorentino (FI), Italy... 

NCRP (1953). National Committee on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Maximum Permissible Amounts of Radioisotopes in the Human Body and Maximum Permissible Concentrations in Air and Water, NCRP Report No. 11, published as National Bureau of Standards Handbook No. 52, Superseded by NCRP Report No. 22 (National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Washington). 

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