Selected Literature Review

With the use of Ono s Method and microscopy of raw feed, clinker, cement, gypsum, and kiln dust, coupled with laboratory burns and sieve analysis of the raw feed, Vanisko (1978) demonstrated the deleterious effect of belite nests in development of mortar strength. He showed that coarse quartz was correlated with numerous large belite nests and, when the raw sand was separately and more finely groimd, mortar strengths jumped to 41 MPa. 

Illustrating some of the effects of fine-grained raw feeds, mortar strengths of 44.8 MPa with a cement at approximately 400 m /kg were attained when 8.15% lime kiln dust was added to the raw feed, the burning process in the plant monitored closely with the microscope (Iany, 1986). 

Fortune, J ohansen, and Fimdal (1987) microscopically evaluated the effect of changing the kiln feed fineness from a normal value of 12% retained on the 90-pm sieve to 5-6%, with reductionin the silica modulus (MS) from 3.0 to 2.4. The results were an improvement in kiln fuel consumption, a much better clinker granulometry, smaller alite, and fewer belite nests. 

Burki and Braun (1988) asserted that the clinker structure from laboratory tests is principally determined by raw meal properties and to a lesser extent by the heating rate. Rapid heating was said to increase the alite formation rate, accelerated with a homogeneous raw meal made of a chalky, clayey limestone (cement rock). A coarse microstructure (large voids and large crystals) was produced from coarse meal made largely of monomineralic particles. No influence of the final size of the alite and belite was observed after variations in heating rates. 

Alite crystals with a multitude of small belite spots were described by du Toit (1988) in a clinker made with phosphogypsum as the lime source. The setting time of the relatively finely ground cement made with this clinker was almost twice as long as that made from limestone. 

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Its unique design suggests several accident scenarios that could not occur at other reactors. For example, failure to supply ECC to 1/16 of the core due to the failure of an ECC inlet valve. On the other hand, some phenomena of concern to other types of reactors seem impossible (e.g., core-concrete interactions). The list of phenomena for consideration came from previous studies, comments of an external review group and from literature review. From this, came the issues selected for the accident progression event tree (APET) according to uncertainty and point estimates. 

Polymerization,- Violent. Violent monomer polymerization has caused a number of serious explns. Present in Table 1 below is a summary of data pertinent to the causation of these explns, extracted from the ref. The monomers listed may be found under appropriate entry titles thruout the Encycl Ref M. Harmon J. King, A Review of Violent Monomer Polymerization A Selected literature Survey , Report No USCG-D-159-75, Contract DOT-CG-51, 765-A, Operations Research, Inc, Silver Spring (1974)... 

At an industrial scale, the esterification catalyst must fulfill several conditions that may not seem so important at lab-scale. This must be very active and selective as by-products are likely to render the process uneconomical, water-tolerant and stable at relatively high temperatures. In addition, it should be an inexpensive material that is readily available on an industrial scale. In a previous study we investigated metal oxides with strong Bronsted acid sites and high thermal stability. Based on the literature reviews and our previous experimental screening, we focus here on application of metal oxide catalysts based on Zr, Ti, and Sn. 

Historically, the HRB NP test, the most widely used and well-validated of all NP test batteries, takes from 6 to 8 hours for complete administration. Reducing an established test battery to a 2- to 3-hour structured assessment procedure requires the use of selected subtests those most sensitive to PCP-induced brain dysfunction. The development and validation of briefer screening batteries, which represent a reduction in the total number of subtests used, professional time, and expense is an emergent trend (Hartlage and Mains 1982, Reynolds et al. 1983). Based on our literature review and results of a pilot sample study of 30 PCP and polydrug abusers, the following subtests are recommended for inclusion in a brief NP assessment battery. 

Berkowitz, J.B. Goyer, M.M. Harris, J.C. Lyman, W.J. Nelken, L.H. Rosenblatt, D.H. "Literature Review -Problem Definition Studies on Selected Chemicals. Vol. 

There have been a number of recent survey articles and theoretical papers describing the available models for low-dose extrapolation. Through a literature review the most prominent models have been selected and discussed below. However, there are other models, less commonly used, that were not mentioned here for the sake of brevity. The models addressed below represent a good cross-section of the different features and capabilities that are pertinent to carcinogenic risk estimation. 

Van Der Laan, G. P., and Beenackers, A. A. C. M. 1999. Kinetics and selectivity of the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis A literature review. Catalysis Reviews—Science and Engineering 41 255-318. 

Parameters subject to calibration within SWAT were selected after a preliminary sensitivity analysis and literature review, to partially compensate for the inadequacy of the initial values assumed for some of them (especially those related to soil type), model structure and other sources of uncertainty. A detailed description about the SWAT parameters can be found in [5, 6], while a brief description of the selected parameters is provided next ... 

Because of the vast amount of information that has been published on the use of NMR to investigate food systems, it is not feasible to present a comprehensive survey of the usefulness of NMR for foods in this review. Rather, the approach taken here is to illustrate the usefulness of NMR specifically for probing water and solids mobility in foods by presenting selected papers from recent literature. Review papers and recent developments in each of the following areas are also included. 

Khera KS. 1976. Distribution, metabolism and perinatal toxicity of pesticides with reference to food safety evaluation Review of selected literature. Adv Mod Toxicol (Part 1) 369-420. 

As a technique for selective surface illumination at liquid/solid interfaces, TIRF was first introduced by Hirschfeld(1) in 1965. Other important early applications were pioneered by Harrick and Loeb(2) in 1973 for detecting fluorescence from a surface coated with dansyl-labeled bovine serum allbumin, by Kronick and Little(3) in 1975 for measuring the equilibrium constant between soluble fluorescent-labeled antibodies and surface-immobilized antigens, and by Watkins and Robertson(4) in 1977 for measuring kinetics of protein adsorption following a concentration jump. Previous rcvicws(5 7) contain additional references to some important early work. Section 7.5 presents a literature review of recent work. 

The 1,2-aminoamides are now established as a chemical series with several highly selective kappa opioid receptor agonists. However, the biological activity of 1,2-aminoamides is not restricted to kappa analgesics. Several related structures exhibit biological activity in other systems of importance and interest. In order to appraise the significance of this chemical class and to put the SAR for kappa receptor activity into context, a selection of these compounds is discussed here. This is not a comprehensive literature review but rather a selection of a few compounds to illustrate the broad range of medieinal activity exhibited by these somewhat similar chemical structures. 

The third and last part of the book (Chapters 12-16) deals with zeolite catalysis. Chapter 12 gives an overview of the various reactions which have been catalyzed by zeolites, serving to set the reader up for in-depth discussions on individual topics in Chapters 13-16. The main focus is on reactions of hydrocarbons catalyzed by zeolites, with some sections on oxidation catalysis. The literature review is drawn from both the patent and open literature and is presented primarily in table format. Brief notes about commonly used zeolites are provided prior to each table for each reaction type. Zeolite catalysis mechanisms are postulated in Chapter 13. The discussion includes the governing principles of performance parameters like adsorption, diffusion, acidity and how these parameters fundamentally influence zeolite catalysis. Brief descriptions of the elementary steps of hydrocarbon conversion over zeolites are also given. The intent is not to have an extensive review of the field of zeolite catalysis, but to select a sufficiently large subset of published literature through which key points can be made about reaction mechanisms and zeolitic requirements. 

Liss-Suter D, Villaume JE, Goldstein FJ. 1978. A literature review - problem definition studies on selected toxic chemicals. Volume 8 Environmental aspects of diesel fuels and fog oils SGF no. 1 and SGF no. 2 and smoke screens generated from them. Philadelphia, PA Franklin Institute Research Laboratories. Final report. Contract no. DAMD 17-77-C-7020. ADAO56021. 

This section is devoted to certain patterns of current gel research and a difficult extrapolation to future prospects. Both subjects place the author at some risk. Presentation of selected approaches in a limited space will inevitably leave some important work unmentioned. Since no attempt has been made at an exhaustive literature review, which would unduly slow the publication of this symposium, it is hoped that those whose work was excluded will not take offense. At the same time, the rapidly expanding horizons of gel research imply that future trends could come from totally unforeseen developments. 

Before you can begin to write, you must identify a topic for your paper. When selecting a topic, keep in mind thatyour project must be robust enough to result in a journal-quality paper (not a literature review). Minimally, you should be able to (1) introduce your topic,... 

Mineral segregation in industry relies heavily on the selective adsorption of macromolecules onto the surfaces of those minerals that have particular industrial applications. This selectivity is governed mainly by the surface chemistry of the mineral and the type of polymer used as a flocculant. " Effectiveness of flocculation depends upon the charge, concentration and molecular weight of the polymer, and also the pH and salt concentration of the clay suspension. The bonding between the anionic flocculant polyacrylamide (PAM) and clay mineral surfaces has been effectively reviewed recently by Hocking et al and the reader is referred to this should they require an in-depth literature review. For more information on general colloidal chemistry of clay suspensions the reader is referred to the review of Luckham and Rossi." ... 

As discussed by Hood and Miller (7), and in the lecture by Hood at the Maternal Toxicology Symposiums in 2009 (summarized in Beyer et al. (8)), it can be argued that it is Khera s interpretation, rather than the developmental toxicity study results themselves, that may be of concern. Khera s literature review indicated a possible association between maternal toxicity and embryo-fetal effects, but it did not establish a causal relationship between these two observations. Additional criticisms of Khera s hypothesis include the fact that his literature review was retrospective, there was a potential selection bias arising from the general tendency not to publish negative data, and the failure to adequately address maternal toxicity endpoints in the published literature of the time. In fact, Khera himself stated that in 40% of the studies he evaluated in support of his hypothesis the maternal toxicity data were insufficient or nonexistent (9). 

Photoelectron spectroscopy has been presented in many review articles and books. Therefore here only a brief description is given with special emphasis on actinides. For further reading, some selected literature is recommended " . ... 

The overwhelming conclusion supported by data is the superiority of the FT-30 composite membrane for the majority of organic compounds tested. From arguments presented earlier, improved recovery of organic compounds on the basis of these higher rejection properties would be expected. Data from selected literature sources (6, 10-20) on membrane rejections of organics in water at parts-per-million levels were reviewed. Results are presented by chemical class in Table VI. Data are compiled for cellulose acetate and a cross-linked NS-1-type composite membrane. Differences in the rejection of various compound classes by the two membrane types determined at higher solute levels are similar to those observed and reported here at parts-per-billion levels. 

In either approach, the selection of isolation (e.g., solvent extraction, adsorption on carbon and synthetic resins) and concentration (e.g., lyophilization, vacuum distillation, reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration) methods is of paramount importance in properly assessing the potential toxicity of waterborne organics. A comprehensive literature review on the development and application of these and other methods to biological testing has recently been published by Jolley (3). 

In this review, we will briefly discuss selected literature on hydrolysis and condensation reactions at silicon which are relevant to organofunctional silanes. Some studies will involve simpler (lower functionality) models some may involve related chemical reaction classes illustrating a mechanistic point. We will then discuss selected references focused on silanes of the types used as coupling agents and crosslinkers. Finally, some reactions at the interface will be mentioned. 

Select material for your literature review such that it includes ... 

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